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Jean-Christophe Dumont Head of International Migration Division

International competition for talents The 2013 International Metropolis Conference Tampere, Finland, 9 September 2013. Jean-Christophe Dumont Head of International Migration Division Directorate for Employment Labour and Social Affairs OECD.

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Jean-Christophe Dumont Head of International Migration Division

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  1. International competition for talentsThe 2013 International Metropolis Conference Tampere, Finland, 9 September 2013 Jean-Christophe Dumont Head of International Migration Division Directorate for Employment Labour and Social Affairs OECD

  2. Recent trends in high-skilled migration to OECD countries The increasing role of Asia and foreign students

  3. Inflows stabilize at relatively high levels Source: OECD International Migration Database Inflows to OECD countries by destination (base 2000 = 100)

  4. Today’s immigrants are more educated than those who came in the past Percentage of high-educated among the foreign-born population,2000 and 2010 Source: OECD International Migration Outlook (2012)

  5. New immigrants fuel the growth of the highly educated labour force Changes in tertiary educated labourforce, 2000-10 by source, Thousands Source: OECD International Migration Outlook (2012) Between 2000 and 2010, immigrants represented 21/14/31% of the increase in the tertiary educated labour force in the US, European OECD countries and Canada.

  6. Migrants from Asia make a large share of skilled labour migration Share of skilled migrants in selected OECD countries, by permit programme, 2010-12, by nationality Source: OECD (2012), “The Changing Role of Asia in International Migration”, International Migration Outlook, except Germany (2011) and Denmark and Norway, pooled 2011-2012. DNK Asia includes only Bangladesh and Pakistan. NLD: Other Asia is Japan only. Sweden is based on ISCO classification 1-2. Norway is geographical Asia, other countries exclude Southwest and Central Asia.

  7. In 2010/11, more than 10 million tertiary educated migrants in the OECD are originating from Asia Immigrant stocks from selected Asian countries in AUS, FRA, UK and US, 2000-10 India China Philippines Preliminary data from DIOC 2010/11 (Database on Immigrants in OECD and non-OECD countries) show that, one in two recent tertiary educated migrants is originating from Asia

  8. More and more students choose to study abroad … 2000 2010 Source: OECD International Migration Outlook (2013) Foreign students in the world and in the OECD area (millions)

  9. … and transition to work permits has been eased in most countries Maximum duration of job-search for post graduates schemes in selected OECD countries, in months (2012) Source: OECD International Migration Outlook (2013)

  10. Outside of Europe, a large share of international students are from Asia International students from Asia (including Japan and Korea) in OECD countries, 2009, thousands and percentage change from enrolment in 2004 Source: OECD International Migration Outlook (2012)

  11. Policy framework for high-skilled labour migration Are models converging ?

  12. Many policy initiatives to foster highly skilled migration despite slack labour markets • Major recent reforms of the labour migration system in selected OECD countries • Sweden (2008) : pure demand driven labour migration system • Australia (2012) : skills select • EU (2009) : implementation of the blue card Directive • Germany (2013) • United States (?) • Countries with a supply driven component • AUS, AUT, CAN, NLD, DNK and NZL [until recently NOR and the UK] • Countries using a point system to select skills in a demand driven system • AUT, CZE, JPN and the UK [possibly the US] • Other policy changes • International students (All), Investors (AUS, CAN, IRL etc.), temporary workers (CAN, AUS)

  13. Paradoxes and future challenges in the global competition for talents

  14. Theintegrationparadox Difference in employment rate of foreign- and native-born populations by educational level, 2009-10, 15-64 (excluding persons still in education) Overqualification of migrants aged 15+ in OECD countries, by origin countries’ income group, 2000 and 2005/06 Source: Dumont JC. And S. Widmaier (2011) , OECD SEM WorkingPaper 126 Source : OECD (2012), Settling In: OECD Indicators of Immigrant Integration 2012

  15. The labour marketparadox Percentages of German employers who reported unfilled vacancies at the respective skill level, out of all employers with unfilled vacancies, by company size and skill level, 2011 Source: OECD (2013),Recruiting immigrants. Germany

  16. Themigration policyparadox Distribution of skill levels by reason for migrating, recent non-EU migrants, Southern Europe and Northern and Western Europe, 2008. In practice, employers hire migrants who are already in the country.

  17. Future challenges

  18. Thankyouforyourattention For further information: www.oecd.org/migrationjean-christophe.dumont@oecd.org

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