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U.S. Foreign Policy 1975 - 1990

U.S. Foreign Policy 1975 - 1990. President Nixon 1969 - 1974. President Nixon. After the Vietnam War the U.S . became more cautious about military interventions Nixon and Ford pursued a policy of Détente, a relaxation of tensions, with the Soviet Union and China

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U.S. Foreign Policy 1975 - 1990

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  1. U.S. Foreign Policy1975 - 1990

  2. President Nixon 1969 - 1974

  3. President Nixon After the Vietnam War the U.S. became more cautious about military interventions Nixon and Ford pursued a policy of Détente, a relaxation of tensions, with the Soviet Union and China Nixon ended U.S. naval patrols of the Taiwan Strait and lifted trade restrictions on China Nixon visited China in 1972

  4. Nixon in China

  5. Nixon in China

  6. Sino-Soviet Split The U.S.S.R. and China had a falling-out The Shanghai communique in 1972 stated that the U.S. and China opposed the hegemony of any nation in Asia In January 1979, the U.S. and China exchanged diplomatic recognition China begins to transition from command economy to free market economy under

  7. SALT Strategic Arms Limitation Talks tried to limit the number of nuclear weapons possessed by the Soviet Union and the United States

  8. Objectives of SALT

  9. SALT Provisions

  10. Linkage

  11. Soviet Economy Expanded rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s Economic growth rate fell to 2% by early 1970s Decline in economic sectors such as computers, microelectronics, and telecommunications Soviet workplace plagued by high absenteeism, drunkenness, corruption, and shoddy production

  12. Nixon Issues Détente was confusing to people As relations with the Soviet Union and China normalized relations with NATO allies declined The developing world remained poor and divided Nixon supported a CIA coup against Salvador Allende, the elected leader of Chile and a Marxist, and replaced him with Augusto Pinochet, a brutal dictator

  13. President Carter 1976 - 1980 Carter paid more attention to global “interdependence” and the need for closer cooperation between wealthier more industrialized countries and the poorer countries of the south Identified human rights as an appropriate basis for U.S. policy Rejected power politics and concentrated on domestic renewal

  14. Power Politics State of international relations in which states protect their own interests by threatening each other with military, economic, or political aggression Nuclear development, pre-emptive strikes Bait and bleed, bloodletting Economic sanctions Buck passing Shock and awe

  15. President Carter

  16. President Carter

  17. Camp David Accords An agreement signed in 1978, between Egypt and Israel to pursue a framework for peace, which led to the Egypt Israel peace treaty in 1979 Mutual recognition Removal of IDF and Jewish settlers from Sinai Peninsula Economic aid package to Egypt and Israel

  18. Iran Hostage Crisis Iranian Revolution in 1979. Shah Pahlavi was deposed by followers of Ayatollah Khomeini Islamic Republic established November 4, 1979, Islamic students occupy the U.S. embassy in Tehran and take 66 Americans captive 13 hostages released on November 19th and 20th and 1 released on July 11th 1980 Rest of the hostages released on January 20th 1981

  19. President Carter

  20. President Carter

  21. President Carter

  22. President Reagan Increased defense spending Changed SALT to START SDI – Strategic Defense Initiative Reagan Doctrine - Rollback in developing countries Iran Contra Scandal

  23. Strategic Defense Initiative

  24. World According to Reagan

  25. Reagan Doctrine Eliminated Marxist regime in Grenada in 1983 Formed anti-Sandinista army known as “contras” to fight Marxist government in Nicaragua Encouraged Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines to step down, and be replaced by Corazon Aquino in 1986 Helped depose Jean-Claude Duvalier, President of Haiti in 1986

  26. Reagan Doctrine Supported rebels against Angolan Marxist government Supported insurgents against Soviet forces in Afghanistan from 1979 – 1989

  27. Iran Contra Scandal Democratic controlled Congress refused to fund contras in Nicaragua Profits from a secret arms deal to Iran were used to fund contra activities in Nicaragua Conduct of the contra war transferred to National Security Council Staff Operation run by CIA director William Casey and marine lieutenant colonel Oliver North

  28. Soviet Union Weakens Soviet economy stagnates, cost of supporting Marxist governments such as Cuba, Vietnam, Angola, and Nicaragua bring no real benefit Arms race, SDI, and Reagan’s hard line against communist convince Gorbachev to reform Soviet economy and society Glasnost – Policy of openness and transparency in Soviet politics Perestroika – Economic reforms

  29. Berlin Wall

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