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ROME: REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE

ROME: REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE. “VENI, VIDI , VICI” - JULIUS CEASER “…REMEMBER, ROMAN, TO RULE THE PEOPLE UNDER THE LAW, TO ESTABLISH THE WAY OF PEACE, TO BATTLE DOWN THE HAUGHTY, TO SPARE THE MEEK. OUR FINE ARTS, THESE FOREVER” -VIRGIL. INFLUENCES. EARLY REPUBLIC.

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ROME: REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE

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  1. ROME: REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE “VENI, VIDI, VICI” - JULIUS CEASER “…REMEMBER, ROMAN, TO RULE THE PEOPLE UNDER THE LAW, TO ESTABLISH THE WAY OF PEACE, TO BATTLE DOWN THE HAUGHTY, TO SPARE THE MEEK. OUR FINE ARTS, THESE FOREVER” -VIRGIL

  2. INFLUENCES

  3. EARLY REPUBLIC • 509 BCE Latins overthrow Etruscans – beginning of Roman Empire • Slowly form a government “of the people” (res publica) through a series of documents that formed a living constitution

  4. 500 – 200 BCE -Struggle of Orders: • Patricians vs. Plebeians • Class determined by law (not tradition or custom) • 494BCE Plebeians threaten to leave Rome • Win: right to elect two representatives (tribunes) who has absolute veto power (except military/dictator actions), could not be called to account for their actions, could not be harmed • Other rights won: • LexCanuleia: Right to inter-marry • Licinian-Sextian laws: one counsel per year must be a plebeian, Praetor – serve as assistant consul, law restricting how much land one person could have • LexHortensia: Decision of the Assembly of Tribes binding on the whole state without action by any other body

  5. Roman Imperialism • Assimilation and Compromise • Punic Wars (Rome vs. Carthage) • First War – uprising in Sicily • Second War – Hannibal seeks revenge • Third War – Rome seeks revenge • How did Rome’s drive to expand led to the downfall of the empire?

  6. What were the causes of the “Roman Revolution”?

  7. Roman RevolutionConstant succession of Civil War from 133-27 BCE • Threefold Problem • Class Struggles (redux) • Optimates vs. Populares • The Tale of the Gracchus Brothers an example of political life during the time period • Tiberius and Gaius • Who were the Gracchus brothers? How did they try to fix the problems facing Rome?

  8. Path to Political Leadership

  9. Why did the Republic fall? Which do you think was more influential in the fall of the Roman Republic – Rome’s aggressive imperial policy, or the social inequity created between the landowners and peasants?

  10. Julius Caesar • Held a variety of offices in the Roman Government (including Consul but was above all else a Roman general) • 60 BCE - First Triumvirate: Pompey, Crassus, Caesar • Gaul • 49 BCE crosses the Rubicon • Dictator for Life (killed a month later: March 15, 44 BCE – Ides of March) • Explain how it was Julius Caesar who set in motion the fall of the Republic.

  11. Second Triumvirate & the Rise of Octavian • Marc Antony (east), Octavian(west), Lepidus(Sicily/North Africa) • Octavian – alliance with senate to remove Lepidus pitting Antony and himself against each other for a battle for the Empire • Antony and Cleopatra vs. Octavian • Battle of Actium (31 BC) – Augustus Caesar • Roman Empire Begins

  12. Augustus Caesar (Octavian) • Ruled Empire of 45 years (death 14 AD • Senate handpicked by Augustus (800 senators • Oath of Allegiance to Augustus as Emperor • Granted Authority of Tribune (veto power, deal directly with people) • Consolidated powers under him (consul, tribune, chief priest, public censor) • Princeps(first citizen among equals)

  13. Problems and Solutions addressed by Augustus

  14. Greeks vs. Romans • How does the author differentiate between the values and worldview of the Greeks and Romans? • Based on what you have learned so far to you agree or disagree with this argument?

  15. Reasons for the Fall of Rome • What were the strengths and greatest achievements of the Romans Empire? • What were the weaknesses? • Why did Rome fall? (DBQ)

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