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Rome: Republic to Empire

Rome: Republic to Empire. Roman Republic, 509-27 bce Classical Roman Empire, 27 bce-306 ce Divided, Christianized Roman Empire, 306-476 ce Western Christendom & Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine), 476 – 1453

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Rome: Republic to Empire

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  1. Rome: Republic to Empire • Roman Republic, 509-27 bce • Classical Roman Empire, 27 bce-306 ce • Divided, Christianized Roman Empire, 306-476 ce • Western Christendom & Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine), 476 – 1453 IDs: Augustus Caesar (r. 27 bce-30 ce), PaxRomana, Constantine (r. 306-337), Byzantine Empire

  2. Grand Empires: Rome & Han China Larger Peace & Stability Long-Lasting Models

  3. Argument Rome relied on military power and slavery. Faced with frequent challenges, Rome survived because it transformed several times – first, from a republic into an empire, then into a divided, Christianized empire, and finally into medieval “Christendom” in the west and the Byzantine Empire in the east.

  4. I. Roman Republic, 509-27 bceA. Predecessor: Hellenistic Influence

  5. B. Rome starts small & grows by conquest Expansion around Mediterranean

  6. 1. Military strength Farmer-militiamen legion

  7. 2. Roman Values • Respect for authority & hierarchy (especially fathers) • Dutyto • family • state (Rome) • the gods

  8. C. Crisis in Republic (100-27 BCE) Wealthy elite buys up land Plantations & Slave labor Unemployed farmers  city Army commanders Continuous civil war

  9. D. Dictatorship & Civil War Dictatorship: Julius Caesar, d. 44 BCE Civil War (44-27 BCE) Octavian  Augustus Caesar (takes over in 27 BCE)

  10. II. Classical Roman Empire, 27 bce-306 ce • Imperator (emperor) Augustus Caesar (reigns 27 bce-30 ce)

  11. B. Pax Romana (Roman Peace) 1. Strong military • Legions • Provinces • Military governors

  12. 2.Ideology Emperor as father of people Romans’ duty to rule for good of world

  13. 3. Continued Expansion Parthian (Persian) Empire Rhine & Danube

  14. 4. Administration Citizenship Local urban elites patrons

  15. C. Empire as Urban Network • Rome Forum Baths Theatres

  16. Colosseum

  17. Baths

  18. Forum

  19. Forum of Trajan

  20. Pantheon

  21. Pantheon

  22. 2. Provincial Cities Trier (Rhine frontier)

  23. 3. Dependent on Trade

  24. 4. Roman Attractions Law Technology Hellenistic culture aqueduct

  25. 5. Bread & circuses

  26. 6. Slave empire Latifundias villa

  27. D. Problems, 200-300 CE • Administrative weakness • Depopulation

  28. 3. End of Expansion; Beginning of Defense

  29. III. Divided, Christianized Roman Empire, 306-476 ce • Constantine (r. 306-337 CE)

  30. A. Constantine divides empire into east & west

  31. B. Constantine Converts to Christianity Uses Christianity to unify & strengthen empire

  32. C. Christianity becomes Official Roman Religion

  33. D. Crisis 400-476 CE • Depopulation & Economic breakdown • Invasion/ migration of Germanic or Barbarian “Tribes” Huns

  34. The Barbarians did not make Rome fall. Attracted to Roman wealth and lifestyle Barbarians in Roman army Not a “conquest”

  35. Stilicho the “Barbarian” & his family

  36. 3. Network of Trade & Cities breaks down

  37. IV. Western Christendom & Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine), 476 – 1453 A. Western Empire ends 476 CE: Last western Roman emperor deposed Germanic kingdoms (Medieval Christendom)

  38. From empire & trade  local power

  39. B. Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) continues until 1453

  40. Emperor Justinian

  41. C. Roman unity  Christian Unity “Christendom” Christian church takes over structure of Roman Empire

  42. Argument Rome relied on military power and slavery. Faced with frequent challenges, Rome survived because it transformed several times – first, from a republic into an empire, then into a divided, Christianized empire, and finally into medieval “Christendom” in the west and the Byzantine Empire in the east.

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