Fort Stanwix National Monument Energy Audit

1. Fort Stanwix National Monument Energy Audit Design Review Monday, January 19th, 2009 Customer: FSNM, contact: Debbie Conway Guide: Brian Thorn P09453

2. Project Description Project Background: Who: Fort Stanwix National Monument (FSNM) part of the National Park Service (NPS) Where: FSNM is situated in Rome, New York. What: The Fort consist of three primary energy use locations: the Willet Visitor Center, the Fort and a maintenance shed. In 2005 the addition of the Willett Center has dramatically added to FSNM’s energy consumption. Why: The Willett Center consumes far greater energy than original expectations, and currently accounts for 2/3rds of FSNM total energy cost. Align FSNM with the NPS green initiative Problem Statement: The overall objective of this project is to identify short and long-term opportunities to reduce energy consumption and energy costs at the Fort Stanwix National Monument, and implement a renewable energy demonstration-scale model.

3. Customer Needs • Rational for Customer Needs based on: • Project readiness packet • December 2nd phone interview with FSNM – Debbie Conway • December 13th onsite visit with Debbie and Todd • Key statement: reduce current total cost of energy at FSNM to offset the impact of potential ‘green’ energy opportunities and conservation measures

4. Specifications – Traditional approach

5. Project Specs – Expectations • Project Specifications: • Attempted traditional approach, it was not inline with an energy audit, not a product • Defined specifications in terms of an energy audit • Project specificationsare the agreed upon expectations of the total energy assessment process and outcome – ‘What is included and captured’ • FSNM specifications are expectations regarding the explicit actions, information, analyses and results that the entire energy assessment project will contain • Definition of the content in the final assessment report • Current Specification is posted on EDGE for review

6. Project Scope & Schedule • Objectives/Scope: • Conduct pre-assessment data collection • Perform on-site energy assessment • Develop energy savings opportunities • Review Current electricity billing structure • Indentify and evaluate alternative energy service companies (ESCOs) • Implement a pilot renewable demonstration-scale energy project • Goals for end of Winter Qtr: • Complete ECM analysis with preliminary implementation plan • Preliminary ‘What-if’ analysis – software driven • Goals for end of Spring Qtr: • Sustainable/renewable energy project plan and model complete • Training program complete • Alternative ESCO options • Final report with categorized ECMs and implementation plan

7. Data Collected & Obtained • Provide an idea of how are analysis are driven • Documents available upon request

8. Utility Analysis Structure: • Establish 1 year baseline year (September 2007 – September 2008) to evaluate disaggregate electric costs and natural gas production percentages. Purpose: • Understand the basic energy usage to identify major areas as candidates for energy savings by establishing a benchmark. • Evaluate the current baseline production versus space heating/cooling to identify possible HVAC savings. Willett Center Energy: $0.1401 /kWh Demand: $0.3849 /kW-month (average cost over 2 years) Gas: $1.2133 /therm Main Fort and Maintenance Building Energy: $0.1467/kWh Demand: $.3456 /kW-month (average cost over 2 years) Gas (Main Fort): $1.2549 /therm Gas (Maintenance) : $1.2067 /therm

9. Rate Structure – Graphical Analysis (1 of 3)

10. Utility Analysis Baseline – Willett Center - Operating hours: open 362 days per year (3 holidays) - 7 days per week: 9 am – 5pm - 2007 construction changes - July Concert spike

11. Utility Analysis Baseline – Willett Center - System schedule: pull mfg specifications to determine greatest energy consumer - Disaggregate costs: Willett Center electricity: - Energy: 58% - Demand: 42%

12. Baseline Results • Use as bench mark for change comparison and insight into ECM options • Main focus areas for ECMs • Lighting usage • HVAC systems • Building Efficiency

13. Building Envelope AnalysisData Sources • R-Values for the walls and ceilings were found from the Utica Department of Codes • R-Values for windows and doors will be estimated by the EnergySmart codes • Dry Bulb Ambient Temperature Data is taken from TMY3 data for the Utica area. • The coldest day of the year recorded by the TMY3 data is March 3rd, 2005. • The outside temperature was -23 °C.

14. Envelope Description • The windows in the foyer are a large source of heat loss in the building, and the space is conditioned to make visitors comfortable. • Walls throughout the building should be built to modern construction codes. • The walls dividing the two main zones in the center could potentially use more insulation to prevent leakage into the climate controlled archive area. • The ceiling area crawlspace was very warm. This could make the ceiling insulation a viable way to save energy.

15. Calculations Tamb A B C & D E Tinside A – Outdoor siding B – Paneling C – Insulation D – Wall Studs E – Drywall

16. Calculations (working) Calculations to be completed after next onsite visit 1/23

17. Lighting System • The buildings use a range of different bulbs for different purposes. • Most rooms in Willett Center have occupancy sensors. • Displays have spotlight bulbs.

18. Lighting System Most Common Bulbs: • 4ft T8 bulbs are used in most of the back rooms, archives, and offices. • Efficient and long life • 32 Watts • Best way to conserve energy is to keep lights off. • The buildings use a range of different bulbs for different purposes. • Most rooms in Willett Center have occupancy sensors. • Displays have spotlight bulbs.

19. Further Systems Analysis • Still need to approximate operation times for the lights in each room. • This will be estimated based on room function and building operational hours. • The number of lights in each room needs to be counted • Investigating the efficiency of HVAC system • Faced with climate controlled constraints

20. First Onsite Visit • First site visit, Saturday 12/13 • Refined customer needs, tour, pictures and data collection • Completed utilities bills database – current energy profile • Gathering energy consumption of current systems • Analyze building envelope

21. FSNM Energy Conservation Concepts • Broken into short and long term concepts • Short term: operation & maintenance approach, low cost replacements and or upgrades • Long term: retrofit through replacement, upgrade systems • Generated from site visit and current available data • Short term: • Willett Center Concepts: • Reduce lighting system load during non-peak operation • Adjust operational hours during non-peak operations • Utilize window shades more efficiently for heating/cooling • Use high efficiency light blubs where possible • Repair duct leaks • Adopt all energy star products

22. FSNM Energy Conservation Concepts • Short term continued: • Willett Center • Improve door and window seals • Implement tinted or reflective glass • Adjust exhibit zone temperature range • Install ceiling fans in exhibit section • Insult attic space above exhibit area • Fort and Site-wide concepts: • Employee training program • Solar powered walk way lights • Replace T12 with T8 lights • Replace kitchen and auditorium equipment • Long term (ongoing concept generation, data, software driven): • Replace AC units in Fort • Insulate attic space more efficiently in Willett Center • Implement heat pumps (renewable energy)

23. Implementation Plan • Aspects to include in implementation plan • Cost of new equipment, software, etc • Return on investment (ROI) & payback • Steps required to implement – construction? • Difficulty of implementation • Timing • Economic Analysis of each ECM, sustainable/green option will be conducted • Researching software approach

24. Energy Service Company (ESCO) Evaluation Structure • Breakdown of current client contract with National Grid. • Evaluation of other ESCO services in Rome, NY by developing a comparison chart based on a survey analysis. Purpose • Identify ways National Grid may be able to provide energy savings or greener energy for Fort Stanwix. • Develop energy savings plans as alternatives to FSNM current service. • Plan • Make contact with alternative ESCOs • Request data regarding billing structure • Compare alternatives against current service • Present findings: due to contract may be difficult to opt out

25. Current Energy Service – National Grid Disadvantages • The Fort Stanwix contract with National Grid is unlikely to be altered so energy savings may be hard here. Advantages • National Grid offers Energy Profiler Online™ (EPO) which helps in the understanding of how electricity is used within the operation over time. Some aspects of the tool include: • Manage your energy consumption—identify what’s normal and abnormal usage • See the results of your energy efficiency and conservation efforts at each site • Shift your energy usage to lower-cost time periods and move dollars to your bottom line • Use the load data information as a guide for shopping wisely with power suppliers • National Grid also offers 4 suppliers of green energy in their GreenUp program.

26. Comparison of ESCOs – National Grid as an Example (1 of 2)

27. Comparison of ESCOs – National Grid as an Example (2 of 2)

28. Energy Audit Software Rational: • Way to analyze baseline buildings • Evaluate impacts of various ECMs • Play ‘What if’ analyses for each ECM • HAVC and building envelope analysis was critical selection criteria • Used government sponsored database: • http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tools_directory/subjects.cfm/pagename=subjects/pagename_menu=whole_building_analysis/pagename_submenu=energy_simulation

29. Software Selection

30. Software Choice • Most comprehensive program • Somewhat expensive • Talk with Margaret Bailey • Future Institute’s use • Better alternatives

31. BSim • SimView • For editing the geometry, materials and installations • Tsbi5 • Control of the indoor climate, thermal and moisture • Xsun • Sunlight and shadows • SimLight • Dailight calculations (use of artificial light) • BV98 • Danish regulations • SimDXF • Import CAD drawings • SimDB • Database with construction materials • SimPV • Calculate electrical yield from solar panels

32. Infrared Imaging • Dr. Joe Pow • Needs faculty/staff to get the camera • Used for distance sensing in aircrafts • Used to detect air leaks during an energy audit

33. Risk Assessment • Software order delays • Software learning curve • Feasibility of ECM implementation – FSNM funding • Sustainable energy option – codes, law • Proximity to FSNM • Validity of assumptions • Ability to capture and quantify energy consumption without ‘professional equipment’

34. FSNM ‘Concept’ Generation • 2 project components have concept generation needs: • Energy conservation measures (ECMs) applicable to FSNM • Pilot renewable energy scale-project • At this point, only high level renewable energy concepts • Additional research and project components required • Renewable energy concepts for further evaluation: • Solar Power • Wind Power • Geothermal Power • Biomass