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“The qualifications for self-government in society are not innate. They are the result of habit and long training.” Thomas Jefferson, 1824. The Persistent Issues in History Framework. What is different?. link. Civil Rights Unit: Separatist group presentation of argument:
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“The qualifications for self-government in society are not innate. They are the result of habit and long training.” Thomas Jefferson, 1824.
The Persistent Issues in History Framework What is different? link Civil Rights Unit: Separatist group presentation of argument: “What should be done to promote greater social justice (1968)?”
PIH Curriculum Design Principles Scaffolded Instruction Authenticity Multiple Intelligences Effective Collaboration
PIH Curriculum Design Principles • Scaffolded Instruction • All students can perform at a higher level with • appropriate structure and support
PIH Curriculum Design Principles • Scaffolded Instruction • Hard Scaffolds • Support planned in advance based on typical • difficulties • Built into structure of learning environment • or into available tools or resources • Soft Scaffolds • Spontaneous, timely support provided by the • teacher based upon learner responses
PIH Curriculum Design Principles Authenticity: Work must seem worth the effort. "I don't enjoy history that much because you just, like, you listen to the teachers and they just lecture you, and you have no idea. Like, in math you're always doing all the problems and in science you're always doing labs and stuff. In history you just never interact with it or anything, and doing this [the PIH unit], you got to do it yourself and look at it.”
PIH Curriculum Design Principles • Multiple Intelligences • Verbal-Linguistic • Logical-Mathematical • Visual-Spatial • Body-Kinesthetic • Musical-Rhythmic • Interpersonal • Intrapersonal
PIH Curriculum Design Principles • Multiple Intelligences • Richness & Complexity of Tasks • Multiple activities • Multiple media • Multiple perspectives
PIH Curriculum Design Principles • Collaboration • Effective groupwork design promotes: • Healthier classroom environments • More complex learning for all students • Task requires varied talents and group effort • Distributed intelligence
PIH Curriculum Design Principles • Group Unit Overview
Purposeful, Motivating Unit Design A Model for PIH Units A Central, Focusing Question An Introductory Grabber Deep, Rich Content Multiple Perspectives & Ways of Knowing Culminating Activity
A Model for PIH Units A Central, Focusing Question An Introductory Grabber Deep, Rich Content Multiple Perspectives & Ways of Knowing Culminating Activity
Unit Focus Container (Topic) or Backbone (Enduring Question) Culminating Activity Central Question Lesson Two Lesson Three Lesson Four Lesson One
A Model for PIH Units A Central, Focusing Question An Introductory Grabber Deep, Rich Content Multiple Perspectives & Ways of Knowing Culminating Activity
Plan Backwards From Central Question to Culminating Activity Central Question: What should be done (in 1968) to continue the struggle for a more just, equal society? Culminating Activity: Presentation to Committee on Civil Rights Progress
Unit Focus Central Question Backbone Culminating Activity Central Question Lesson Two Lesson Three Lesson Four Lesson One
A Model for PIH Units A Central, Focusing Question An Introductory Grabber Deep, Rich Content Multiple Perspectives & Ways of Knowing Culminating Activity
Why does it matter? The “Grabber” • How can I demonstrate that this is connected to my students’ lives and concerns?
Keeping it Real Introductory Grabber 1st day of a unit is the most important day Topic: Supreme Court Central Question: Should the power of the Supreme Court be limited?
Introductory Grabber Central Question: Should the power of the Supreme Court be limited?
Brainstorming Unit Content & Experiences • What do students need to successfully accomplish the culminating activity and address the central question?
A Model for PIH Units A Central, Focusing Question An Introductory Grabber Deep, Rich Content Multiple Perspectives & Ways of Knowing Culminating Activity
A Model for PIH Units • Authenticity:Beyond the Textbook • Rich material • Real people • Real-life tasks
A Model for PIH Units • George Washington Unit Overview • CQ: When is the federal government justified in imposing its will on American citizens? • CA: Press Conference: Did actions taken by the Washington administration exceed its Constitutional powers?
Dissecting A Simple Model Unit: • The American Revolution - p. 25 • Lesson 1: Introducing the Question • Lesson 2: Expert Group Hypothesizing • Lesson 3: Expert Group Hypothesis Testing • Lesson 4: Decision-making Groups • Debate on the CQ
Dissecting A Simple Model Unit: • The American Revolution • Lesson 1: Introducing the Question • Grabber • Hypothesis Formation • Limit Investigation Categories • Preview Unit Activities
Dissecting A Simple Model Unit: • The American Revolution • Lesson 2: Expert Group Hypothesizing • Groups subdivide the work • Pre-think questions to test hypotheses • Accountability for intermediate step • Teacher oversight & reinforcement
Dissecting A Simple Model Unit: • The American Revolution • Lesson 3: Expert Group Hypothesis Testing • Individual accountability for one question • Group sharing of data • Synthesis task: Rate factors • Individual accountability for all group knowledge • Teacher probes & redirects as needed
Dissecting A Simple Model Unit: • The American Revolution • Lesson 4: Decision-making Groups • Debate on the CQ • Jigsaw: New groups share information • Groups debate and answer the CQ • Groups report decisions to class • Teacher refocuses: Discussion & debate of differences • Individual accountability: Essay on CQ
A Model for PIH Units • George Washington Unit Overview • CQ: When is the federal government justified in imposing its will on American citizens? • CA: Press Conference: Did actions taken by the Washington administration exceed its Constitutional powers?
A Model for PIH Units: G. Washington Engaging Student Interest
A Model for PIH Units: G. Washington Introducing The Central Question
A Model for PIH Units: G. Washington Broadening The Issue
A Model for PIH Units: G. Washington • Lesson 2: The National Bank Issue
A Model for PIH Units: G. Washington • Lesson 2: The National Bank Issue • Competing Arguments • Multiple ways of knowing • Collaboration