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WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

WWI –The Great War 1914-1918. Ms. Dyck. Bellringer: 12/16/2013. List the three different types of trenches used in trench warfare. Describe trench warfare. What were American soldiers referred to as on the Western Front? How long did World War I last?. Answers: 12/16/2013.

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WWI –The Great War 1914-1918

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  1. WWI –The Great War1914-1918 Ms. Dyck

  2. Bellringer: 12/16/2013 • List the three different types of trenches used in trench warfare. • Describe trench warfare. • What were American soldiers referred to as on the Western Front? • How long did World War I last?

  3. Answers: 12/16/2013 • Frontline, support, and reserve trenches. • Brutish, harsh, and nasty. Wet and muddy. • Doughboys • From 1914-1918

  4. Agenda: 12/16/2013 • Bellringers • CNN Student News • Finish notes on World War I • World War I Notebook Check • When you finish the notebook check, please make sure you are working on completing your “Current Events.” There should be “8” Current Events by Wednesday. This is a test grade. If you do not have “8” Current Events, please work on getting “8” by Wednesday.

  5. Bellringer: 12/13/2013 • What were the four long term causes of World War I? • What was the immediate cause for World War I? • What countries were members of the Triple Alliance? • What countries were members of Allies at start of World War I?

  6. Answers: 12/13/2013 • M-militarism, A-alliances, I-imperialism, N-nationalism • The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand • Triple Alliance members were Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary • Great Britain, France, Russia

  7. Agenda: • Bellringer • CNN Student News (Maybe????) • World War I

  8. Bellringer: 12/11/2013 • Who was Nelson Mandela? • What country was he president of from 1994-1999? • Nelson Mandela was a member of what political organization in Africa?

  9. Answers: 12/11/2013 • He was a politician, social activist, and lawyer who fought to end the apartheid system (segregation system) in South Africa from 1962 until 1991. • South Africa • ANC (African National Congress)

  10. Agenda: 12/11/2013 (3rd and 4th Block) • Bellringer/Reflection • CNN Student News • HWK Assignment: Review it • Current Event #7 (20 minutes) • Discuss beginning of World War I

  11. Objective(s) • Students will be able identify the political and military forces at work in Europe in the late 1800s. • List the countries that made up the Triple Alliance and the and the Triple Entente. • Summarize events that set World War I into motion.

  12. Long-term Causes- MAIN • Militarism- aggressive preparation for war • Alliances- • Triple Alliance- GY, Au-Hu, Italy • Triple Entente- GB, FR, RU • Imperialism- competition over land & resources • Nationalism- some ethnic groups didn’t have their own nation or were being ruled by another ethnic group (wanted independence)

  13. Immediate cause- “Spark that lit the fuse for WWI” • Gavrilo Princip shot & killed the Archduke & his wife • By 1914, Serbia (supported by Russia) wanted to create a large Slavic state in the Balkans, which Au-Hu wanted to prevent. • A group of terrorists- The Black Hand, wanted Serbia to be free of Au-Hu rule. • June 28, 1914- Archduke Franz Ferdinand & his wife visited Sarajevo, Bosnia.

  14. Timeline of events leading to WWI-1914 AU-HU sent an ultimatum to Serbia (after AU-HU received support from GY) July 23, 1914 Serbia rejects the ultimatum AU-HU declares war on Serbia

  15. RU orders troops to the AU-HU & German border GY warns RU to stop sending troops w/in 12 hours RU ignores warning & GY declares war on RU (Aug.1)

  16. GY declares war on FR & GY demands that Belgium allow German troops to pass through to get to FR. (Aug. 3) Belgium (ally of GB) refuses GB declares war on GY (Aug. 4)

  17. Starting the War- Alliances • The Triple Alliance now became the Central Powers- Germany & Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire (Italy dropped out of the TA and joined the Allies) • The Triple Entente now became the Allies- Great Britain, France, Russia, and Italy

  18. Germany’s Strategy • Schlieffen Plan- two front war w/ FR & RU • Defeat FR quickly and then go after RU Count Alfred von Schlieffen

  19. Govt. Propaganda- ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause German propaganda Many believed war would be over in weeks.

  20. http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/videos#world-war-i-packshttp://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/videos#world-war-i-packs War Technology in WWI- “Total War” • Machine guns *poison gas • Trench warfare *airplanes • Artillery *tanks • submarines

  21. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXtsiqrhqsU&edufilter=vH8ntV7keCE-ZLl5wRMzNghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXtsiqrhqsU&edufilter=vH8ntV7keCE-ZLl5wRMzNg Problems with trench warfare

  22. Exit Slip Questions: 12/13/2013 • What were the four causes for World War I? (hint: MAIN) • What was the immediate cause of World War I? • List the countries part of the Triple Alliance before the start of World War I. • List the countries part of the Triple Entente before the start of World War I. • Which was the first European nation to declare war and what country did the declare war on? • At the start of the war, who are the nations part of the Allies? • What countries are part of the Central Power?

  23. Bellringer: 12/12/2013 • Complete the handout on “Causes of World War I” • Nationalism, Imperialism, and the arms race. • Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy; Triple Entente_ great Britain, France, and Russia • The assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Serbian national GarviloPrincip

  24. The Western Front -First Battle of the Marne (Sep. 6-10, 1914)– French halted the Germans and the battle turned into a stalemate (neither side winning/losing) in the trenches -Schlieffen Plan ruined The Eastern Front -RU defeated by GY at the Battle of Tannenberg (Aug. 30, 1914). (RU slow to mobilize troops) -AU-Hu defeated by RU and kicked out of Serbia -GY, Au-Hu, and Bulgaria join forces & defeat the Russians & push them back (Serbia was attacked & eliminated from the war) The Fronts

  25. Battles near Verdun and the Somme River-1916 (France) • Trench warfare was deadly and neither side ever gained much ground • Verdun- French vs. Germans (over 300,000 killed) • Somme- British/French vs. Germans (approx. 1 million killed), only a few miles gained by each side http://www.history.com/videos/1916-battle-of-the-somme#1916-battle-of-the-somme

  26. http://www.history.com/videos/wwi-firsts#wwi-firsts U.S. enters WWI • U.S. tried to remain neutral at first • England had set up a blockade on Germany (to prevent supplies from getting through) • GY started their own blockade against GB by using unrestricted submarine warfare with u-boats

  27. The RMS Lusitania • May 7, 1915- Lusitania sunk by GY’s u-boat • 1,100 killed (128 Americans) • U.S. very upset • GY stops unrestricted submarine warfare • Resumes April 1917 p.584-585 “Special Report”

  28. Zimmermann Note/Telegram • Telegram sent by the Foreign Secretary of the German Empire- Arthur Zimmermann (Jan. 16, 1917- which was forwarded to the German ambassador in Mexico- von Eckardt) • Stated GY (when it won WWI) would help Mexico regain land it had lost to the U.S. if Mexico attacked the U.S. • Britain intercepted the telegram • U.S. declares war on GY- April 6, 1917

  29. Entry of the U.S. in 1917 gave the Allies a much-needed psychological boost, along with fresh men & material The End is Coming… the war that is! An American “Doughboy”

  30. The Home Front • Total War- complete mobilization of resources & people • Govt's. expanded their powers & drafted tens of millions of young men for military service • Set up price, wage, & rent controls; rationed food supplies & materials • Women took over jobs now that the men had gone to war • When the men returned, the women were out of a job

  31. Post-Assignment-Homework (Read pg. 594-601) • Why was the Industries Board established? • Describe the war time economy? • How did the average American and business conserve food during this period? • How much did the federal government spend on the war? • How did the federal government popularize the war? • What did the Esponiage and Sedition Acts prohibit and what were the penalties under these laws? • What was the Great Migration? Why did it occur?

  32. Continued: Post-Assignment and Homework 8. What roles did women take on during World War I? 9. What was the impact of the flu epidemic of 1918?

  33. Objective(s): • SWBAT describe the Russian Revolution and the causes for the movement. • SWAT describe key figures of the Russian Revolution and their role in transforming Russia to a communist country. • SWBAT identify new countries formed as a result of World War I and the outcomes of World War I.

  34. 1914- Czar Nicholas made the decision for Russia to go to war (Russia was unprepared) 1915- Nicholas moved his headquarters to the war front Back at the palace, Czarina Alexandra ran the govt., with the help/advice of Rasputin. Russian Revolution The Romanov Family

  35. Self-described holy man Convinced the Czarina he had “powers” to heal her son (Alexis) who had hemophilia Given power to make key decisions at court (which most didn’t like) Dec. 1916- murdered Rasputin- “The Mad Monk” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzWdJIN7zNA

  36. March Revolution-1917 • Women textile workers led a strike & later riots started over shortages of bread & fuel • Czar Nicholas forced to abdicate • Provisional Govt.- temporary govt. was set up in Russia. • Soviets- local councils of workers, peasants, and soldiers

  37. Leader of the Bolshevik Party Early 1900s- fled Russia to avoid arrest by the czarist regime GY arranged for Lenin’s return during WWI (to stir up trouble). Arrived in 1917 Slogan- “Peace, Land, Bread” Nov. 1917- Lenin/Bolsheviks take over Romanovs assassinated-July 1918 Vladimir Lenin

  38. Bolshevik Reforms • All farmland distributed among the peasants • Gave control of factories to the workers • 1918- Signed a truce with Germany (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk)- stopped war b/w GY & RU Boris Kustodiev’s 1920 painting "Bolshevik"

  39. Soviet Union/USSR • 1922- Russia becomes the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or the Soviet Union) • Capital- Moscow • Bolsheviks renamed the Communist Party • Lenin dies in 1924 & is replaced by Joseph Stalin *sickle- the peasants/farmers *hammer- the workers *red- blood spilt by the workers who fought for freedom *yellow star- life and energy of the sun; five points of the star symbolize the single unity and international representation of the government — 5 recognized continents.

  40. By April 1918- German troops were within 50 miles of Paris July 1918- GY stopped by French, Moroccan, & U.S. troops in the Second Battle of the Marne GY pushed back & the Allies moved towards GY Second Battle of the Marne

  41. The End of WWI • By Sep. 1918- the war is lost for GY • Nov. 11, 1918- GY signed an armistice (truce, an agreement to stop fighting)

  42. Peace Treaty • Jan. 1919- Paris Peace Conference • The Big Four- U.S., FR, GB, IT • Lloyd George, Orlando, Clemenceau, Wilson • GY & RU not invited (????) • Wilson’s plan for peace- “Fourteen Points” • League of Nations- organization of countries, to prevent war (formed Jan. 25, 1919)

  43. Treaty of Versailles (June 28, 1919) Article 231- “War Guilt Clause”- GY & AU-HU started the war • GY had to pay reparations (war damages) • $32-33 billion • 2010- GY finished paying the US • 2020- the rest of the world GY forced to reduce its army to 100,000 men Cut back its navy Eliminate its air force The Rhineland was established (neutral, de-militarized zone) between FR and GY

  44. Aftermath of the First World War

  45. New Countries Established • Finland • Latvia • Estonia • Lithuania • Poland • Czechoslovakia • Austria • Hungary • Yugoslavia • New Countries had many ethnic groups within them, which will lead to later conflicts.

  46. CSWK/HMWK • Make sure you have copied all notes for notebook check on Wednesday. • Read about the court case—Schenck v. United States (1919) • Explain the major difference or similarity in the two opinion.

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