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French Revolution of 1848 and 1871

French Revolution of 1848 and 1871. By: Shreya Mishra, Haritha Aribindi, and Annie Wang. Causes of the 1848 French Revolution.

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French Revolution of 1848 and 1871

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  1. French Revolution of 1848 and 1871 By: Shreya Mishra, Haritha Aribindi, and Annie Wang

  2. Causes of the 1848 French Revolution • Louis Philippe, the King of France at this time, was an extremely unpopular ruler who, despite referring to himself as “liberal,” attempted to reconsolidate the power of the monarchy with support from extremist right-wing factions called the ultra-royalists. • Under Louis Philippe’s rule, the elite classes were favored above all else. Suffrage was limited to landowners, excluding much of the middle and working classes. • Food riots had risen across France due to price inflations created by the faltering European economy, which in turn had been caused by poor harvests. • Socialism became a popular belief among the working class just before this time period due to its concern towards worker’s issues, such as low wages, long hours and poor working conditions. Riots regarding these problems became common.

  3. Chronology of Change (1848) • 1789- The French public invaded Versailles and captured Louis XVI and his family escorting them back to Paris. • September, 1792- Parisians are encouraged to massacre government officials especially the aristocracy and nobles. • 1792- A National Convention takes place which exterminates the French monarchy and establishes the first republic. • 1793- The National Convention voted for the death of Louis XVI with a majority of one in the assembly. • 1793- Napoleon is appointed commander of French Republican forces. The “Terror” develops leading to the execution of thousands of nobles. • 1797- Napoleon organizes a coup d’etat in France taking control of the government. • 1830- A violent revolution occurs in France removing Charles X from the throne. • 1846- A series of economic downfalls and crop failures led to starvation and discontent among the public. • 1848- France’s Second Republic is established by Louis Blanc and his revolutionaries who advocate for a democracy. • 1852- Conservatives took over France when political differences concerning nationalism split up the revolutionaries. • 1852- Louis Napoleon Bonaparte organizes a coup d’etat of the weak French government and becomes the emperor or the “President of France”. He ends the Second Republic of France.

  4. Government after the revolution of 1848

  5. Important people and their contributions to French revolution of 1848 King Charles X was important during this time because he was the reason the people had any defiance toward the government whatsoever. He dissolved the lower house and limited the freedom of the press. This infuriated citizens and a revolution was in the making. Napoleon Bonaparte was important because he was the man chosen to lead France after the revolution was over.

  6. Important people and their contributions to French revolution of 1848 Louis Blanc was a French man who was a member of the Socialist party. He was unhappy with the government. He had demands such as providing work for every person, and having competition so that everyone could grow, and not just the elitists. This man was a great orator and that was one of his strong points to helping with the revolution. He convinced people with the way he spoke.

  7. Images This shows more unhappiness within French citizens. This image represents the balancing of the new monarch, Napoleon Bonaparte. Storming at the Bastille shows the disapproval of the citizens towards the nobles.

  8. Before and After the 1848 French Revolution

  9. Causes of the 1871 French Revolution • The Franco-Prussian War of 1871 ended with the defeat of France and the overthrowing of Napoleon and the Second French Empire. • The French Third Republic was established after the war in Versailles due to the unstable political climate in Paris. • Controversial financial laws created by the newly established republic that obliged the Prussians to leave France created growing resentment among the working class.

  10. Chronology of Change (1871) • 1852-1871- The regime of Napoleon the Third is called the Second French Empire. • 1852- Napoleon III established the French Constitution which was against a strong Parliament and gave all executive power to the Emperor. A Legislative branch was elected by the French people; however, it was very restricted. • November 24, 1960- Napoleon established the freedom of press by allowing the press to report parliamentary decisions and by granting an annual address given by the Legislative branch in response to the Emperor. • 1861- Napoleon also granted the Legislative Branch the power to vote on budgetary decisions. • 1866- Napoleon III modernized France, constructed the Eiffel Tower, built the Suez Canal, and emerged as the victor in the Crimean War. • 1861- 1867- Napoleon III embarked on The Mexican Adventure hoping to establish French power in the country. This feat, however, ultimately failed. • 1870- Chancellor Otto von Bismarck moves toward the throne of Prussia in hopes of uniting the Kingdom and Spain. This is heavily opposed by the French. • 1870-1871- Napoleon III’s opposition towards this issue eventually led to anti-French attitudes and the Franco-Prussian War began. The French army was severely defeated and Napoleon III was captured. • 1871- With the news of French defeat, the citizens of the country revolted and destroyed the Second Empire. The Third Republic was then established by the Government of National Defense led by the President, General Louis Jules Trochu: however, the French soon surrendered to the Prussians and a unified Germany was established.

  11. Important People and their contribution to the French revolution of 1871 General Louis Jules Trochu was important to this revolution because he was the leader of France after the Revolution had ended. Adolphe Thiers was important because he was titled head of provisional government before a set structure of government was formed in France.

  12. Important People and Their Contribution to the French Revolution of 1871 This man contributed to the French Revolution even though he wasn’t French. He was a German General and he had a lot of political pressure on the French to push them towards becoming a republic, liberal state.

  13. Images This represents the French and Prussian Wars and the changing boundaries over time. This represents the French invasion into Mexico, which became a French colony.

  14. Before and After the 1871 French Revolution

  15. Credits • Shreya: Parts 2 and second part of 3 and putting it together  • Annie: Parts 1 and 4  • Haritha: First part of 3 

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