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Biological Beginnings

Biological Beginnings. The Interaction of Genetics and Context Heredity/Reproduction Detection of Genetic and Chromosomal Abnormalities Genetic and Chromosomal Abnormalities. I. Interaction of Genetics and Context. Heredity vs. environment Interactive model. II. Reproduction/Heredity.

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Biological Beginnings

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  1. Biological Beginnings • The Interaction of Genetics and Context • Heredity/Reproduction • Detection of Genetic and Chromosomal Abnormalities • Genetic and Chromosomal Abnormalities

  2. I. Interaction of Genetics and Context • Heredity vs. environment • Interactive model

  3. II. Reproduction/Heredity • When do people have children? • Reproduction • Egg, sperm, gametes, zygote • Newborn girl=400,000 ova • Ejaculation=500 million sperm mature male=100 million/day for fertilization=at least 20 million

  4. Issues of Reproduction • In vitro fertilization • Twins (dizygotic vs. monozygotic)

  5. III. Detecting Abnormalities • Amniocentesis (15-17 weeks) • Ultrasound Sonography (anytime) • Chorionic Villus Test (CVS-8-11 weeks) • Maternal Blood Test -14-20 weeks Alpha Feta Protein (AFP) • Fetoscopy • Radiography • Preimplantation Diagnosis

  6. IV. Possible Genetic/Chromosomal Abnormalities • Genetic Abnormalities 1. PKU (phenylketonuria) phenylalanine 2. Inbreeding 3. Huntington’s Disease 4. Sickle Cell 5. Tay-sachs Disease 6. Muscular Dystrophy

  7. More abnormalities • Neural Tube Defects spina bifida, ancephaly • Diabetes Mellitus • Genetic Links to other problems

  8. B. Chromosomal Disorders • Down syndrome 1/700 • Klinefelter’s (xxy)-1/1000 • Turner’s (xo) 1/2500 females • XYY males 1/1000 • Fragile X 1/2000 boys, 1/4000 girls • Other sex-linked disorders

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