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Current Research in ICT for Education

Current Research in ICT for Education. Dr. Marina Stock McIsaac Professor Emerita, ASU DDTE, Universidade de Aveiro, February, 2007. ET Educational Technology. From ET to ICT. DE Distance Education. ET Educational Technology. IT Instructional Technology. Multimedia Technologies.

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Current Research in ICT for Education

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  1. Current Research in ICT for Education • Dr. Marina Stock McIsaac • Professor Emerita, ASU • DDTE, Universidade de Aveiro, February, 2007

  2. ET Educational Technology From ET to ICT DE Distance Education ET Educational Technology IT Instructional Technology Multimedia Technologies Interactive Technologies ICT Information and Communication Technologies

  3. ETEducational TechnologyEducational Technology Educational Technology • Media comparison studies (NSD)(Kozma,Clark) • Descriptive studies (not transferable) • Media studies (Salomon) • Primarily quantitative analysis, some statistically flawed (not random assignment, etc.)

  4. Educational Technology Instructional Technology • Behaviorism in 40’s (Skinner) • Taxonomies in 50’s (Bloom) • Instructional Objectives in 60’s (Mager) • Events of Instruction in 70’s (Gagné) • Systematic design in 80’s (Dick & Carey) • Problem solving strategies in 90’s(Jonassen)

  5. Educational Technology Distance Education • Learner needs • Instructional process • Issues of access • Socio-cultural aspects of instruction • Roles of teachers, students online • Strategies for mediated environments • Bernard (2004) Meta-analysis

  6. Theoretical Developments 1 • Industrial Model (Otto Peters) • Guided Didactic Conversation (Holmberg) • Independence and Autonomy (Wedemeyer) • Transactional Distance (Moore)

  7. Theoretical Developments 2 • Control (Garrison) • Interaction (Garrison & Shale) • Socio-cultural Context of Education (Evans, Nation, McIsaac, Gunawardena) • Social Presence (Gunawardena, McIsaac, Tu)

  8. Dimensions of Learning S social cultural interactive distributed situated ICT Web2 knowledge CoP scaffolded

  9. Dimensions of Learning S social cultural interactive distributed situated ICT Web2 knowledge CoP scaffolded

  10. Social Constructivism • Cultural mediation (Vygotsky) “Any higher mental function was social at some point before becoming truly mental” • Self Efficacy (Bandura) “Accomplishment is socially judged by ill defined criteria so that one has to rely on others to find out how one is doing” • Social presence (Short et al.) “The degree to which people feel connected to each other......” • Interaction (Moore, Muirhead) “...between learners, learner-teacher, learner-content, learner-interface...”

  11. Research Studies • Interaction (Hillman, et al.,McIsaac &Gunawardena, Vrasidas, Vrasidas&McIsaac) • improving interaction online increased motivation and attitude • Social Presence (Tu, Tu & McIsaac) • 3 dimensions were predictors: interactivity, communication, context

  12. Dimensions of Learning S social cultural interactive distributed situated ICT Web2 knowledge CoP scaffolded

  13. Distributed Cognition “people think in conjunction and partnership with others and with the help of culturally provided tools and implements” (Salomon, 1993, p. xiii).

  14. Situated Learning “Situated cognition has emerged as a powerful perspective in providing meaningful learning and promoting the transfer of knowledge to real-life situations.” Choi & Hannafin

  15. Research Studies • Distributed cognition (Salomon) “People think in partnership with others and with the help of tools...” • material distribution (Pea & Lave) “These tools literally carry intelligence in them...” • social distribution (Cole & Engestrom) “Cognitive processing is not an individual matter; cognitive processes are distributed among teacher, pupil, others...” • Situated Cognition (Brighton) “..examines reasoning through situated learning and cultural perspectives”

  16. Dimensions of Learning S social cultural interactive distributed situated ICT CoP scaffolded Web2 knowledge

  17. Communities of Learning • CSCL-Computer-supported communities of learning • Networked CoP (communities of practice) • Scaffolding

  18. Research Studies • CSCL (Hakkarainen, Collis) elementary students, business • Networked CoP (Xu) social navigation to locate information • Scaffolding (Lim, McLoughlin) supported learners in web inquiry

  19. Dimensions of Learning S social cultural interactive distributed situated ICT Web2 knowledge CoP scaffolded

  20. Web2.0 Environments • Open Source software (OSS)... • Knowledge construction...Tappedin • User generated content...Wikis • Reflection of conscious thought...Blogs • Student centered learning...Podcasts • Virtual learning spaces... 2nd Life

  21. Shift in Research • Online wisdom communities (Gunawardena) • Computer mediation, PBL (Wertsch) • Social character of knowing (Crook) • Collective intelligence (Nash)(Gouardères)

  22. Shift in pedagogies • From lecture to conversation • From information to knowledge building • From memorizing to internalizing, reflecting • From teacher-centered to learner-centered • From individual to collaborative knowledge

  23. Shift in teaching • Facilitate independent learning • Integrate learning tools into instruction • Synthesize and communicate concepts • Teach students to gather information • Demonstrate “best technology practices” • Collaborate in knowledge networks

  24. Getting Published • Select the right journal • Use appropriate writing style (APA) • Submit only when writing is correct • Use journal guidelines • Use research structure (introduction, methods, results, discussion) • Resubmit

  25. mmcisaac@asu.edu (mmcisaac@dte.ua.pt)

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