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Child care se r vices – demographic and social context –

Child care se r vices – demographic and social context –. András Gábos (TÁRKI Social Research Institute). ADAPT2DC Transnational Study Tour, 20-22 May 2014, Budapest. Outline of the presentation. G eneral context Demographic processes Childbearing and labour market participation

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Child care se r vices – demographic and social context –

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  1. Child care services– demographic and social context – András Gábos (TÁRKI Social Research Institute) ADAPT2DC Transnational Study Tour, 20-22 May 2014, Budapest

  2. Outline of the presentation • General context • Demographic processes • Childbearing and labour market participation • Poverty and social exclusion • Family policies and the Visegrád countries in Europe

  3. 1 General context

  4. Child care services – a framework • The availability and the quality of childcare services: • affect parents’ decisions on • childbearing • labour supply • affect household resources needed for social inclusion • in short term: parental resources • in long-term: child development Work-life balance Breaking the intergenerational transmission of poverty

  5. Use of childcare and Barcelona target, 2010 Source. C. Thévénet (DG EMPL): Child poverty and child well-being in the European Union. Presentation at the InGRID Expert workshop on ‘Framework and methods for indicator building for various vulnerable groups’ Budapest, 27-29 November 2013. Based on data from EU SILC, 2010.

  6. 2 Demographic processes in the Visegrád countries

  7. Falling fertility in the Visegrád countries, 1950-2010 − / ↗ ↘ − / ↗ ↘ ↘ Systemicchange Source: United Nations Population Statistics.

  8. Falling share of the population aged 0-4 as % of total population, 1950-2010 Systemicchange Source: United Nations Population Statistics.

  9. 3 Childbearing and labour market participation

  10. Maternal employment rates compared to female employment rates, 2011 • Visegrád countries • low maternal employment (similar to the Southern countries) • the gap between female and maternal employment is large (among the largest within the OECD) • Poland is an exception (with higher than OECD-average figures) Source: OECD Family Database.

  11. Maternal employment rates by age of youngest child, 2011 • Visegrád countries • Huge disparities in ME by the age of child • Very low employment for mothers with a child younger than 3 (among the lowest within OECD) • Poland is again an exception • Not the same pattern for mothers with an older child Source: OECD Family Database.

  12. Maternal employment rates by number of children under 15, 2011 • Visegrád countries • Huge disparities in ME by the number of children • Very low employment for mothers with 3 or more children (among the lowest within OECD) • Poland is again an exception Source: OECD Family Database.

  13. Female employment and fertility 1980 2010 The negative relationship predicted by economic theory changed in the 1980’s. E.g. Ahn and Mira (2002) Rindfuss, Guzzoés Morgan 2000; Billari et al. 2002; Del Boca et al. 2003; d’Addioandd’Ercole 2005. Source: OECD Family Database.

  14. Female employment and fertility 1980 2010 Cross-sectional macro-level correlations might be misleading. At micro level, the negative relationship is still there, although weakened in this period. Engelhardt, Kögel and Prskawetz 2001; Engelhardt and Prskawetz 2002; Kögel 2003; Kögel 2006. Source: OECD Family Database.

  15. 4 Poverty and social exclusion

  16. Relative outcomes of countries related to child poverty risk and main determinants of child poverty risk, 2010 Visegrád countries - Considerable variation across V4 - Czech Republic: good (but not very good) performance in all dimensions - Hungary: the risk of poverty is strongly related to poor LM outcomes. Cash transfers and LM participation are protective - Slovakia: the risk of poverty is strongly related to poor LM outcomes. - Poland: in-work poverty is the concern Source. Gábos (2013) based on the methodology developed by the EU Task-Force on Child Poverty and Child Well-being in the EU (2008).

  17. Use of childcare and gradient Source. C. Thévénet (DG EMPL): Child poverty and child well-being in the European Union. Presentation at the InGRID Expert workshop on ‘Framework and methods for indicator building for various vulnerable groups’ Budapest, 27-29 November 2013. Based on data from EU SILC, 2010.

  18. 5 Family policies and the Visegrád countries in Europe

  19. Public spending on family benefits in cash, services and tax measures, in per cent of GDP, 2009 Visegrád countries - Considerable variation across countries - Czech Republic, Slovakia: spend near OECD average - Hungary: spends at Scandinavian level, strongly cash focused - Poland: spends at Mediterranean level. Source: OECD Family Database.

  20. Family policy country groups BE DK FI NL SE UK AT CY DE FR IE LU PT SI BG EE EL ES HR IT LT CZ HU LV MT PL RO SK Source: Eurofound 2014.

  21. ImPRovE – Poverty Reduction in Europe: Social Policy and Innovation - FP7, 2012-2016, U of Antwerp InGRID – IntegratingExpertiseinInclusiveGrowth - FP7, 2013-2017, KU Leuven STYLE – StrategicTransitionsforYouthLabourin Europe - FP7, 2014-2017, U of Brighton

  22. Thankyouforyourattention! www.tarki.hu gabos@tarki.hu

  23. Summary

  24. Increaseinmeanageatbirthinthe Visegrád countries, 1950-2010 Systemicchange Source: United NationsPopulationStatistics.

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