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Human Blood Chapter 10

Human Blood Chapter 10. Functions of Blood. Distribution of Heat Transporting Hormones Transporting Nutrients Transporting Waste Transporting Gases Transport of Antibodies ( immune system). Fast Facts about Blood. Is 45% solid and 55% liquid

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Human Blood Chapter 10

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  1. Human BloodChapter 10

  2. Functions of Blood Distribution of Heat Transporting Hormones Transporting Nutrients Transporting Waste Transporting Gases Transport of Antibodies ( immune system)

  3. Fast Facts about Blood • Is 45% solid and 55% liquid • Whole blood contains Plasma, Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells and Platelets • Plasma is 90% water and 10% Protein • Blood contains minerals that gives it a “salty” taste

  4. Blood is Bright Red when oxygenated and Dark Maroon when not • Blood has a pH of 7.35-7.45 (a mild base) • Makes up about 8% of your body weight • The average human has 5-6 liters of blood in the system

  5. Plasma Is 90% water Slightly Yellow in color due to protein Carries non cell products in blood like Nutrients, Salts, Hormones, Antigens and antibodies Distributes Heat throughout the body

  6. Are called Erythrocytes • 4-6 million cells per mm3 • Primary function is to carry Oxygen from the lungs to the cells • Are made in the red bone marrow cavities of bone Red Blood Cells

  7. Red Blood Cells Cont. • Cells are doughnut shaped and colored Red • Cells do not have a nucleus • Contain about 250,000 hemoglobin molecules • Each hemoglobin molecule is iron based • Can carry 4 molecules of Oxygen • Red Blood cells outnumber white cells 1000-1

  8. White Blood Cells • Are called Leukocytes. • 4,000-11,000 cells per mm3. • There are five types of WBC’s. • Account for only about 1% of blood volume. • Are important in fighting disease. • Have a nucleus • Can move by amoeba-like streaming to get to infection sites • Have no color but can be stained purple on slides.

  9. Platelets • Are called Thrombocytes. • 300,000 per mm3 • Are fragments of cells needed for the formation of blood clotting. • Platelets are trapped in the fibrin filaments of a cut to seal the wound.

  10. Steps in blood clotting • Fibrin proteins and platelets form a plug to control bleeding. • Vascular spasms of the smooth muscle narrows the blood vessel. • Red blood cells coagulate (clump) to form a scab when exposed to air.

  11. Blood Cell Formation • Formation of all blood cells is called HEMATOPOIESIS. • All blood cells form in the bone marrow of bones like the: • Pelvis, Femur, Humerus and Sternum • The stem cell responsible for blood cells is called Hemocytoblast.

  12. Blood Typing and Transfusions • Human blood performs the same functions regardless of Blood Type. • The key difference in types is the presence of absence of blood proteins called Antigens. • There are type A and B antigens. • You can have A only, B only, both A and B or Neither A nor B. • Mixing certain blood combinations in a transfusion can be deadly!

  13. % of population 30% 20% <5% 45% Universal Recipient Universal Donor

  14. Antigen D or the Rh Factor is a third Antigen found in blood. • 80% of the population had the Rh Factor. • The factor was named because of research with the Rhesus Monkey. • The factor is dominant so parents that are Rh+ will likely produce children with the factor. RH- parents will always produce Rh- offspring. Other Blood Typing Factors

  15. Blood Diseases and Disorders • Iron Poor Anemia- Lack of Iron in the diet that affects the bloods ability to carry oxygen • Sickle Cell Anemia-genetic condition where the shape of a RBC is distorted. Blood carries less oxygen and tends to cause painful clots in muscles. • Polycythemia- too many red blood cells, blood is thicker than normal and raises blood pressure • Leukemia- too many white blood cells, a type of bone/blood cancer. • Leucopenia- too few white blood cells, affects the immune system • Thrombosis- blood clots circulating in the circulatory system • Hemophilia- lack of the blood clotting factors, causes free bleeding. Usually genetic • CO poisoning- carbon monoxide displaces oxygen in the RBC’s…. CO is produced by incomplete combustion.

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