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IRAM IQBAL UOG

ORDERS. SYSTEMATICS. IRAM IQBAL UOG. ORDER Isoptera. Meaning :  Iso = equal, ptera = wing Pronunciation:  i -SOP- ter -a Common name(s): termites. Mouthparts.   chewing - modified in soldiers for nest defense Feed on wood or other dead plant material. Wings.

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IRAM IQBAL UOG

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  1. ORDERS SYSTEMATICS IRAM IQBAL UOG

  2. ORDER Isoptera • Meaning: Iso = equal, ptera = wing • Pronunciation: i-SOP-ter-a • Common name(s): termites

  3. Mouthparts •   chewing - modified in soldiers for nest defense • Feed on wood or other dead plant material.

  4. Wings • 2 pr. but present only in reproductives for a short nest - exiting flight (=swarming);

  5. Body characteristics: • antennae beaded & straightbroad body shape

  6. Habitat • All termites live in colonies, although the size of the colonies can range from very small (within a single twig) to very large (city blocks). Food • All termites eat dead plant material, most often wood. Symbiotic bacteria assist in digesting cellulose from wood.

  7. Metamorphosis • paurometabolous or incomplete • In this form of development, immature stages (nymphs) resemble small adults and typically have external wing buds . They live in the same habitat as adults, typically taking the same food

  8. Economic impact: •  Termites have microorganisms that break down cellulose so they are extensively important in recycling; • A few species (eastern subterranean and drywood termites) invade wood and plant derived structures of humans causing millions of dollars of damage annually.

  9. Size of order • 1000 species (only 18 in N. America) • Insects in this order: • Drywood termites and subterranean termites,desert termite.

  10. ORDER EPHEMEROPTERA • Meaning: ephemera=short-lived; ptera=wings • Pronunciation: e-phm-er-OP-ter-a • Common name(s): mayflies

  11. Mouthparts: • adults- vestigial-adults don't feed • naiads - chewing mouthparts (they are predacious or herbivores)

  12. Wings: • two pair; • The hind wings are much smaller or absent. • Wings are held together upright over the body. • front wings triangular and much larger; • wings with many veins; • they cannot fold their wings so held vertically when at rest.

  13. Body characteristics • 2 or 3 terminal tails on abdomen. • Long legs; body thin and elongate • abdominal gills and 3 feathery gills at end of abdomen. • Range from 2-32mm in length

  14. Metamorphosis • incomplete • hemimetabolus with a unique subadult (=subimago); • Immature insects (nymphs, often called naiads) are aquatic and breathe via gills. • a winged adult emerges from water, climbs on vegetation and then molts to adult stage.

  15. Habitat • Nymph in water • Adults near water Feeding • They are primarily grazers and collector-gatherers. Some species are predaceous, and others have interesting adaptations for filter feeding. The diet of most mayflies is composed of algae and detritus.

  16. Economic impact:  • Important in aquatic food chain (favorite model for fly fisherman); can use species distribution patterns to monitor environmental degradation; heavy adult emergence may make walking/driving near water hazardous due to "slippery" wings

  17. Size of order • 2250 species worldwide but tropical and oriental fauna not well studied. Many fossils as once more common

  18. ORDER BLATTARIA • Pronunciation: bla-TAIR-ri-ah • Common name: cockroach

  19. Description •  This is one of the largest common cockroaches in Texas, reaching 1-1/2 to 2 inches. • reddish-brown in color. • Shield portion behind the head (prothorax) has a margin of light brown or yellow.

  20. Body characteristics • Body usually flattened and oval. • Head somewhat concealed from above by the pronotum. • Antennae long, filiform.

  21. Legs • Legs long and slender, often spiny, adapted for running; tarsi 5 segmented.

  22. Habitat • This is generally an outdoor species, living in wood piles, decaying trees, palm trees and in sewer systems. Cockroaches have flattened bodies that allow them to enter homes through cracks around loose-fitting doors and windows, and where electric lines or pipes pass through walls. They are mainly active at night and hide in cracks and crevices during the day, preferring dark moist sites in attics and basements.

  23. Feeding • Cockroaches eat almost anything including meats and grease, starchy foods, sweets, baked goods, leather, wallpaper paste, book bindings and sizing. Adults are capable of gliding flights.

  24. Life Cycle •  Simple metamorphosis (egg, nymph, adult).  • Female cockroaches glue or drop 1/4 inch long bean-like egg capsules (oothecae) containing about 15 eggs on or around infested areas. • Nymphs hatch from the egg case that resemble small grayish-brown adult cockroaches without fully developed wings. • Nymphs molt 10 to 13 times in over a year (470 to 600 days, depending on temperature) before becoming adults.

  25. Classification of the Blattaria • Family Cryptoceridae-- brown-hooded cockroach. •  The one species in the United States does not occur in Florida. • Family Blattidae-- oriental, American, and other cockroaches • Family Polyphagidae-- sand cockroaches and others • Family Blattellidae-- German, brown-banded, and wood cockroaches • Family Blaberidae-- Surinam cockroach and others

  26. References • http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu • http://en.wikipedia.org • http://insects.tamu.edu • http://www.flickr.com/groups/1481823@N21/

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