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Biology 211 Anatomy & Physiology I

Biology 211 Anatomy & Physiology I. Joints. Last week: Defined bones as organs of skeletal system . Also organs: joints (one or more types of tissues, all serving a common function). Joints: Classified two ways: 1. What type of tissue connects the bones at the joint

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Biology 211 Anatomy & Physiology I

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  1. Biology 211Anatomy & Physiology I Joints

  2. Last week: Defined bones as organs of skeletal system Also organs: joints (one or more types of tissues, all serving a common function)

  3. Joints: Classified two ways: 1. What type of tissue connects the bones at the joint 2. How much motion the joint allows F C S No motion = S Limited motion = A Freely movable = D

  4. Fibrous Joints: Bones connected by dense regular or dense irregular connective tissue with many collagen fibers. No joint cavity. Depending on length of collagen fibers, may be synarthrotic (no motion) or amphiarthrotic (limited motion)

  5. Fibrous Joints: Three subtypes: 1. S Collagen fibers very short Always synarthrotic Only in skull

  6. Fibrous Joints: Three subtypes: (1. Suture: Collagen fibers very short, synarthrotic, only in skull) 2. S Collagen fibers longer Amphiarthrotic (some motion)

  7. Fibrous Joints: Three subtypes: (1. Suture: Collagen fibers very short, synarthrotic, only in skull) (2. Syndesmosis: Collagen fibers longer, amphiarthrotic) 3. G Collagen fibers very short Synarthrotic (no motion) Teeth in mandible or maxilla

  8. Cartilagenous Joints: Bones connected by some form of cartilage No joint cavity. Depending on length of collagen fibers, may be synarthrotic (no motion) or amphiarthrotic (limited motion)

  9. Cartilagenous Joints: Two subtypes: 1. S Bones connected by hyaline cartilage Synarthrotic or amphiarthrotic Costosternal; Epiphyseal plates

  10. Cartilagenous Joints: Two subtypes: (1. Synchondrosis: Bones connected by hyaline cartilage Synarthrotic or amphiarthrotic; Costosternal; Epiphyseal plates) 2. S Bones connected by fibrous cartilage Amphiarthrotic or synarthrotic Intervertebral disks; Pubic symphysis

  11. Synovial Joints: Bones separated by synovial joint cavity; connected by ligaments of dense regular C.T. Most are diarthrotic Some are amphiarthrotic

  12. Synovial Joints: Components: Proximal bone with articular cartilage Distal bone with articular cartilage Articular capsule with: Fibrous capsule Synovial membrane surrounding Synovial cavity Ligaments of dense irregular C.T. Intrinsic = thickenings of fibrous capsule Extracapsular = outside of fibrous capsule Intracapsular = inside synovial cavity

  13. Synovial Joints: Proximal bone with articular cartilage Distal bone with articular cartilage Articular capsule with Fibrous capsule, Synovial membrane surrounding Synovial cavity Intrinsic ligament = thickenings of fibrous capsule Extracapsular ligament = outside of fibrous capsule Intracapsular ligament = inside synovial cavity In knee, sternoclavicular, and temporomandibular joints: Also meniscus of fibrous cartilage

  14. Synovial Joints: Six types based on structure and type of motion:

  15. Synovial Joints: Six types 1. P or G Gliding motion along flat articular surfaces. Amphiarthrotic

  16. Synovial Joints: Six types 2. H Motion around single axis perpendicular to long axis of bones. Often convex articular surface on one bone and concave articular surface on other bone. Diarthrotic

  17. Synovial Joints: Six types 3. P Motion around single axis parallel to long axis of bones. Often convex articular surface on one bone and concave articular surface on other bone. Diarthrotic

  18. Synovial Joints: Six types 4. C Motion around two axes. Articular surfaces of both bones round or oval. One shallowly convex. One shallowly concave Diarthrotic

  19. Synovial Joints: Six types 5. S Motion around two axes. Articular surfaces of both bones are: Convex one direction Concave other direction Diarthrotic

  20. Synovial Joints: Six types 6. B Motion around all three axes. Articular surfaces of one bone forms "ball" which fits into "socket" on other bone Diarthrotic

  21. Synovial jointsstabilized by a) b)

  22. Synovial jointsstabilized by a) Shapes of the articular surfaces of bones b) Ligaments c)

  23. Synovial jointsstabilized by a) Shapes of the articular surfaces of bones b) Ligaments c) Menisci d)

  24. Synovial jointsstabilized by d) Muscles and tendons which cross the joint

  25. Synovial jointsoften cushioned by a fluid-filled sac called a b located between the joint and overlying muscles, tendons, or ligaments.

  26. Specific joints are described in your Saladin text. In lecture, specific joints will be identified for which you should be able to briefly but accurately describe the structure, including all major ligaments; and for which you should be able to describe the actions.

  27. Movements of synovial diarthrotic joints: Flexion and Extension

  28. Movements of synovial diarthrotic joints: Abduction and Adduction

  29. Movements of synovial diarthrotic joints: Rotation and Circumduction

  30. Movements of synovial diarthrotic joints: Protraction and Retraction

  31. Movements of synovial diarthrotic joints: Elevation and Depression

  32. Movements of synovial diarthrotic joints: Inversion and Eversion

  33. Movements of synovial diarthrotic joints: Opposition (and Reposition)

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