PSYC18 2009 – Psychology of Emotion

1. PSYC18 2009 – Psychology of Emotion Professor: Gerald Cupchik Office: S634 Email: cupchik@utsc.utoronto.ca Office Hours: Thursdays 10-11; 2-3 Phone: 416-287-7467 TA: Michelle Hilscher Office: S142C Email: hilscher@utsc.utoronto.ca Office Hours: Thursdays 10-11 am Course website: www.utsc.utoronto.ca/~cupchik/psyc18.htm Textbook: Oatley, Keltner & Jenkins (2006, 2nd Ed.) Understanding Emotions.

2. We can look at the psychology of emotion from different viewpoints: • The person in the street wants to know… • How can I be more/less emotional? • Are some people generally disposed to be more or less emotional? • How can I learn to recognize the emotional states and experiences of others? • How can I predict, explain, or understand the emotions of others?

3. We can look at the psychology of emotion from different viewpoints: (2) The research psychologist wants to know… How can emotion be a phenomenon unto itself while at the same time being related to the mind (i.e., thought) and body (i.e., motor expression and somatic response)? What is the evolutionary function of emotion? Are there individual differences in emotional style? What is the relation between emotion experience and emotion management? What is the relation between expression and experience? What is the difference between expression and impression? What are the relations between feeling and emotion?

4. We can look at the psychology of emotion from different viewpoints: (3) The clinical psychologist wants to know… How to help people deal with unconscious or repressed emotions. How to help people deal with loss. How to help people become more integrated and productive. How to help people sleep better, deal with anxiety, find love, etc.

5. Let’s start with the first major challenge: To understand emotion as a distinctive experience while at the same time trying to understand how it interacts with cognitive (i.e., thought) and bodily processes. • Worlds • Ludwig Binswanger proposed three worlds: • Eigenwelt – personal and private (with ourselves) • Mitwelt – social world (with others) • Umwelt – organic and physical world (the world around) Existential concept of thrownness – we are thrown, as if by accident, into particular worlds.

6. Life Themes • Adaptation (Darwin) • Meaning-in-the-world (Existential) Life Episodes These are events that take place in these worlds as we struggle with these life themes. Personal Life Narratives We have experiences and feelings about our life-worlds and events that take place within them. These can be expressed in the forms of narratives or stories in terms of which we define ourselves. These stories comprise facts and interpretations of these facts which we take to be true about ourselves and our worlds.

7. Layers • Imagine…layers in a cake…of rock in the earth…of the atmosphere. • You are in a life…actually many lives at once. • You are in a world…actually many worlds at once. • Four Fundamental Layers • Noetic – includes all mental processes and different forms of knowing (perceptual, intellectual, emotional) • Organic – includes all biological processes • Physical – includes all physical processes • Social – includes all social and cultural systems. • These layers have their own unique properties but also interact with • each other.

8. Perspectives Paradox of one body and many selves Looks like one body and this implies one self… illusion of unity. But in fact there are many selves in that one body. There are many layers in the single person. Fromm spoke about division within the self where people are not sure how to integrate their many selves. Interface of Mind and Body (problem of consciousness): Consciousness lies at the sentient boundary between stimulation from the outside world and from the inside world, physical, cognitive, and affective during a particular period of time.

9. How do we see ourselves? • Are we objects or processes? (Are we static or dynamic?) • Can we change or are we burdened by our personal histories? • Literal viewpoint (externalized view) • As objects with features…grades…status…money • (Closed process) • Ironic or metaphorical viewpoint • See ourselves in context, changing • (Open process) • Shifting viewpoints (engaged versus detached) • Engaged (absorbed in our experiences) • Detached (outside of our experiences) • Can we unify these viewpoints?

10. Actions Reactions

11. WORLDS AGAIN... Inside one body… affected by the outside world… yet shaped by a personal existence. Are you showing how you feel inside? ADAPTATION and EXPERIENCE are both a two-way street - challenged and shaped by the outside world yet interpreted in a personal way.

12. TWO ESSENTIAL COMPLEMENTARITIES (1) Forms of Knowledge: Objective Subjective Objective knowledge is supposedly about the external public world BUT it actually reflects internal learned conventions and standards. Subjective knowledge is supposedly about the internal private world BUT it is actually projected onto the imagined world out there.

13. (2) Modes of being in the world:

14. BUT - LET’S TAKE A LOOK AT THE BIG PICTURE! You cannot have thoughts without feelings… You also cannot emotions without thoughts… The question then is this: What kind of thought processes go with what kind of feeling processes when it comes to ADAPTATION and EXPERIENCE? This is the central question addressed by the course! How do the mind and body interact to shape adaptation and experience or the search for meaning?

15. METHOD Examining episodes in everyday life… * Self as object * Self as process The search for process… Acts of Noticing as applied to everyday life… Apperception… in the world… being and acting in the world… in context… and aware of it!