review lifecourse

1. Review Lifecourse Sampson and LaubTerrie Moffitt�s Theory

3. Lifecourse Theory II Types of Lifecourse Theories (From Cullen and Agnew) Continuity Theories (Trait�G&H) Continuity and Change Theories (Sampson and Laub, Patterson) Continuity or Change Theories (Moffitt)

4. Sampson and Laub Important/Popular book: Crime in the Making: Pathways and Turning Points Through Life First to fully outline �lifecourse� criminology Put forth a lifecourse theory Use �Glueck data� to test theory

5. Pathways and Turning Points Pathways = stability Turning Points = opportunity for change

6. Sampson and Laub�s �Age Graded Theory of Informal Social Control� In what sense is the theory �age graded?� What does �Informal Social Control� mean?

7. Sampson and Laub

8. Continuity Stability of Trajectory Individual differences (traits) possible Cumulative Continuity Delinquency/crime has effect on �adult social bonds� Delinquency/crime can lead to incarceration, which also has effect on adult social bonds These bonds, in turn, have effect on future crime

9. Change Turning Points = Adult Social Bonds Quality Marriage Quality Employment Why would these things reduce crime? S&L: they increase informal control (bind individuals to society, give them something to lose) Other explanations (spend less time with criminal friends, etc.)

10. Sampson and Laub II New Book/Articles based on follow-up data from Gleuck sample Followed until age 70 Similar to original theory Employment, marriage, military service More complex-why a �turning point?� Knife off past from the present/future Supervision/monitoring (control) but also opportunities for social support/growth Change to structure/routine activities Opportunity for identity transformation

11. How do people desist? Desistence by Default No conscious decision to �stop offending� Rather, roles, structure, social context changes Human Agency Vague concept that implies people have some say in the matter. Not same as �rational choice� nor is it a �trait� Interaction = land a good job but still must want to keep Theoretical Importance Lives do not �unfold� in predictable sequences Desistence more difficult to explain than onset or persistence

12. Terrie Moffitt A Stability or Change Theory Argument: There are 2 different �kinds� of offenders in the world These types can be characterized by their unique �offending trajectories� Failure of Mainstream Criminology? During adolescence, these two groups look rather similar

13. Moffitt�s 2 Groups of Offenders LCP�s Early Start, Stable over lifecourse, 5% of general population (small group) Therefore� Why start so early? Why so stable? AL�s Late starters, desist in adulthood, very prevalent in population Therefore�. Why start so late? Why desist right away?

14. Explaining the LCP trajectory Presence of �Neuropsychological Deficits� Where do they come from? Why do they matter? INTERACTING WITH Ineffective Parenting Monitoring, supervision, etc. This �dual hazard� puts them on bad path�however�

15. Cumulative Continuity for LCP�s What in the environment is affected? Peer Rejection School Failure Parenting THEREFORE Cumulative continuity Contemporary continuity (still have N.P. Deficit, personality traits)

16. Explaining the AL�s Maturity Gap Knifing off Bonds as �rewarding� Mimic Why do AL�s desist? However, some may exhibit continuity �Snares� as another example of cumulative continuity

17. Key Moffitt Questions Why do we need 2 theories? How does she account for stability and change? Specific explanations of LCP and AL offending