The Sentence

1. The Sentence Subjects, Predicates, Complements OBJECTIVES Identify the parts of the sentence (All English-Speaking people should understand the basic components of their language.)

2. The Sentence A sentence consists of two parts: a subject and a predicate. COMPLETE SUBJECT: all the words that tell whom or what the sentence is about. SIMPLE SUBJECT: the key word in this group of words COMPLETE PREDICATE: all the words that tell something about the subject SIMPLE PREDICATE: the key word in this group of words, also called the verb COMPOUND: two or more parts joined by a conjunction

3. Let's practice. . . Subject Verb • In ancient Japan, the fierce-looking samurai and others like him ruled • society with an iron hand. • The men, women, and children of the peasant class lived in terror of • these landlord-warriors. • A samurai’s powerful position gave him the right to kill any disobedient or • disrespectful peasant. • Did anyone in Japan refuse to serve the samurai? • There was one dedicated group of rebels, called ninja, meaning “stealers in.” • Off to the barren mountain regions of Iga and koga fled the ninja people • with their families. • Lessons in camouflage, escape, and evasion were taught to children as • young as one or two years of age. • Childhood games also provided practice in both armed and unarmed combat. • The ninja sneaked down into the settled areas and struck at the samurai • in any way possible. • 10. In time, the ninja warriors gained a reputation all over Japan and were • feared by the mighty samurai.

4. Subject Let's check! Verb Red Blue • In ancient Japan, the fierce-looking samurai and others like him ruled • society with an iron hand. • The men, women, and children of the peasant class lived in terror of • these landlord-warriors. • A samurai’s powerful positiongave him the right to kill any disobedient or • disrespectful peasant. • Didanyone in Japan refuse to serve the samurai? • There was one dedicated group of rebels, called ninja, meaning “stealers in.” • Off to the barren mountain regions of Iga and koga fled the ninja people • with their families. • Lessons in camouflage, escape, and evasion were taught to children as • young as one or two years of age. • Childhood games also provided practice in both armed and unarmed combat. • The ninjasneaked down into the settled areas and struck at the samurai • in any way possible. • 10. In time, the ninja warriorsgained a reputation all over Japan and were • feared by the mighty samurai.

5. Complements Complement: a word or group of words that completes the meaning of a verb. Five Types of Complements: Follows an action / transitive verb Direct Object Indirect Object Object Complement Follows a linking verb Predicate Nominative Predicate Adjective

6. Direct Object & Indirect Object Direct Object: word or group of words that receive action from verb or shows result of action Tells WHOM or WHAT after the verb Examples: Drought destroyed the crops. The journalist interviewed the astronauts before and after their flight. What a compelling speech the senator gave! (inverted order) Indirect Object: word or group of words that comes between a action verb and direct object Tells TO WHOM or TO WHAT or FOR WHOM or FOR WHAT the action is done. . . AFTER VERB / BEFORE DIRECT OBJECT VERB. . . INDIRECT OBJECT. . . DIRECT OBJECT Examples: Mr. Cruz showed our class a video about Moorish architecture. The animal trainer fed the bearsfish. Their artistic skill won them many honors.

7. Objective Complement Objective Complement: word or group of words that complete the meaning of an action verb by identifying or modifying the direct object. The objective complement FOLLOWS the direct object. VERB. . . DIRECT OBJECT. . . OBJECTIVE COMPLEMENT Only a few verbs take an objective complement: consider, make, and verbs that can be replaced with consider or make, such as appoint, call, choose, elect, name, cut, paint, and sweep. Objective Complement may be a noun, pronoun, or adjective. Examples: The members electedCarlottasecretary. (noun) The members electedhersecretary. (noun) Everyone considered herdependable. (adjective) Many literary historians considerShakespeare the greatest dramatist of all time. (noun) The flood had swept the valleyclean. (adjectives) The Gibsons named their two catsBruno and Waldo. (nouns) Charlene painted her old bicycleblack and silver. (adjectives)

8. Let's practice. . . Make a chart and find these parts: SUBJECT / VERB / INDIRECT OBJECT / DIRECT OBJECT / OBJECT COMPLEMENT • Candles have tremendous appeal as decorative, religious, and • utilitarian objects. • Every year the United States consumes many tons of paraffin for candle making. • Tutankhamen’s tomb contained a candleholder. • Before the invention of electricity, many people lit their homes with candles. • Candles on the dinner table can make even an average meal special. • Many of the colonists made their own candles at home. • Nowadays, candle making offers hobbyists a relaxing and rewarding pastime. • Pictures in books show you the steps in candle making. • Incense mixed into the melted wax will give your candles a pleasant scent. • You can also dye candle wax various colors.

9. Let's check! SUBJECT / VERB / INDIRECT OBJECT / DIRECT OBJECT / OBJECT COMPLEMENT • Candleshave tremendous appeal as decorative, religious, and • utilitarian objects. • Every year the United Statesconsumes many tons of paraffin for candle making. • Tutankhamen’s tombcontained a candleholder. • Before the invention of electricity, many peoplelit their homes with candles. • Candles on the dinner table can make even an average mealspecial. • Many of the colonists made their own candles at home. • Nowadays, candle makingoffershobbyists a relaxing and rewarding pastime. • Pictures in books showyou the steps in candle making. • Incense mixed into the melted wax will give your candles a pleasant scent. • Youcan also dye candle wax various colors.

10. The Subject Complement: Predicate Nominative & Predicate Adjective Subject Complement: word or group of words that completes the meaning of a LINKING VERB and identifies or modifies the subject Common Linking Verbs: Forms of Be – Am, Is, Are, Was, Were, Be, Been, Being Others – Appear, Become, Feel, Grow, Look, Remain, Seem, Smell, Sound, Stay, Taste, Turn Two kinds of complements: Predicate Nominative: Noun or Pronoun that refers to the same person or thing as subject Examples: Adela Rogers St. Johns was a famous journalist. (noun) The white bird with the long, slender neck is a heron. (noun) Of the three applicants, Carlos is the most competent one. (pronoun) What an outstanding basketball player Michael Jordan is! (noun) (inverted order) Predicate Adjective: Adjective that modifies the subject. Examples: The ocean iscalm. Does that orange tastebitter or sweet? (compound) All of the astronauts lookconfident.

11. Let's practice. . . Make a chart and find these parts: SUBJECT / LINKING VERB / PRED. NOM. or PRED. ADJ.(LABEL TYPE) • The most common deer in India is a species of axis deer. • Icy is the stare of the glacier. • Was Jane Austen the author of Pride and Prejudice? • Wilhelm Roentgen was the discoverer of the X-ray. • The violin solo sounded beautiful. • The animals grew restless at the sound of the crackling flames. • Harriet Tubman was active in the Underground Railroad. • 8. Many people feel concerned about the spread of AIDS not just in • the United States but throughout the world. • 9. Why does the spaghetti sauce taste too spicy? • 10.A massive work of carved art is the Great Sphinx.

12. Let's check! SUBJECT / LINKING VERB / PRED. NOM. or PRED. ADJ.(LABEL TYPE) • The most common deer in India is a species of axis deer. P.N. • Icyis the stare of the glacier. P.A. • WasJane Austen the author of Pride and Prejudice? P.N. • Wilhelm Roentgenwas the discoverer of the X-ray. P.N. • The violin solosoundedbeautiful. P.A. • The animalsgrewrestless at the sound of the crackling flames. P.A. • Harriet Tubmanwasactive in the Underground Railroad. P.A. • 8. Many peoplefeelconcerned about the spread of AIDS not just in • the United States but throughout the world. P.A. • 9. Why does the spaghetti saucetaste too spicy? P.A. • 10.A massive work of carved art is the Great Sphinx. P.N.

13. Let's review. . . • First separate the complete subject from the complete predicate with slashes (//). • Then find and label these parts: • Simple Subject, Verb, and any complements (Label Type). • The people of New Orleans are famous for their creativity with food • as well as with music. • Both Creole cooking and Cajun cooking flourish in the kitchens of the • city’s French Quarter. • Some visitors to New Orleans can not tell the difference between • these two similar styles of food preparation. • The French founders of New Orleans developed the savory Creole • style of cooking. • The beignet (a square doughnut) and boudin (a spicy, savory sausage) • are tasty local favorites from French cuisine. • In Creole dishes, there are also tangy traces of Spanish, African, and • Caribbean cooking. • Cajun cooking is Creole’s peppery country cousin and was born in the • rural bayou areas surrounding New Orleans.

14. My aunt’s favorite Cajun treat, alligator gumbo, is wonderfully thick • and spicy. • Don’t the little red shellfish on this platter resemble tiny lobsters? • They’re New Orleans crawfish, and I declare them the tastiest morsels • I’ve ever eaten! Let's check! 1. The people of New Orleans //arefamous for their creativity with food as well as with music. P.A. 2. Both Creole cooking and Cajun cooking//flourish in the kitchens of the city’s French Quarter. 3. Some visitors to New Orleans //can not tell the difference between these two similar styles of food preparation. D.O. 4. The French founders of New Orleans //developed the savory Creole style of cooking. D.O. 5. The beignet (a square doughnut) and boudin (a spicy, savory sausage)//are tasty local favorites from French cuisine. P.N.

15. 6. In Creole dishes, there are also // tangy traces of Spanish, African, and Caribbean cooking. 7. Cajun cooking//is Creole’s peppery country cousin and was born in the rural bayou areas surrounding New Orleans. P.N. 8. My aunt’s favorite Cajun treat, alligator gumbo, //is wonderfully thick and spicy. P.A. P.A. 9. Don’t // the little red shellfish on this platter //resemble tiny lobsters? D.O. 10. They//’re New Orleans crawfish, and I//declarethem the tastiest morselsI’ve ever eaten! P.N. D.O. O.C.