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Kingdom Animalia

Explore the characteristics and classification of lower invertebrates in the Animal Kingdom. Learn about their body plan, symmetry, reproduction, and unique features. Discover the diversity of sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, roundworms, and segmented worms.

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Kingdom Animalia

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  1. Kingdom Animalia Lower Invertebrates

  2. Characteristics: • eukaryotic • multicellular • heterotrophic consumers • no cell walls • sexual and asexual reproduction • locomotion • 99% invertebrates

  3. symmetry of body plan: asymmetry – no symmetry radial – central point; can be divided into equal sections bilateral – can be divided into 2 mirrored halves • cephalization – concentration of sense organs toward anterior end (associated with development of a head)

  4. anterior – region of a bilaterally symmetrical organism toward the head end • posterior – region of a bilaterally symmetrical organism toward the tail end • dorsal – back side of a bilaterally symmetrical organism • ventral – under side of a bilaterally symmetrical organism • lateral – to the side of a bilaterally symmetrical organism

  5. A. Phylum Porifera • sponges • simplest animals • adults sessile, filter feeders (larvae are free-swimming) • water vascular system – pumps large amts. of water through porous body; all aquatic • asymmetrical

  6. A. Phylum Porifera • composed of spicules – framework of the sponge • classified by spicule composition: • reproduce sexually by egg and sperm • asexually by budding

  7. B. Phylum Cnidaria • corals, jellyfish, anemones • radial symmetry • entirely aquatic (marine, few fw) • possess stinging cells (nematocysts) on tentacles • nerve net – simple nervous system

  8. B. Phylum Cnidaria • classified by life cycle stages: 1) medusa – free swimming 2) polyp – attached stage • reproduction: asexually by budding sexually by egg & sperm

  9. C. Phylum Platyhelminthes • flatworms • incomplete digestive system (one opening) • bilateral symmetry

  10. D. Phylum Nematoda • roundworms • complete digestive system – 2 openings • bilateral symmetry • tube within a tube body plan • ex: Ascaris, hookworms, filarial worms, eyeworms, Trichinella – cause trichinosis

  11. E. Phylum Annelida • segmented worms • name means “little ring” • true coelom – fluid-filled body cavity • complete digestive system • all organ systems present • closed circulatory system – blood is confined to vessels

  12. E. Phylum Annelida • classified by their number of setae – bristles for locomotion

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