The Statehood Era

1. The Statehood Era 1859 - 1889

2. Learning Target: I canuse a timeline to track the events that lead to Washington’s achievement of statehood.

3. 1850 • Population in Washington is 1,201

4. 1853 • Washington becomes a territory.

5. 1858 • End of the Spokane Wars. • The land is now prepared for more settlers.

6. Enticing People to Washington Territory • By 1853 America had acquired all lands in the continental U.S. • The U.S. government knew they would have trouble keeping of defending the land. They needed to encourage people to move West fast. • Whites felt safer moving west after the Indian removals.

7. 1860 • Population in Washington is 11,594

8. 1860

9. The Oregon Trail

10. The Oregon Trail • The Oregon Trail was used by all of the new pioneers coming west. This trail became more efficient for three reasons: • Routes became more defined and smoother. • Wagons are better. • It is not just one main trail. The trail has many short cuts so travelers can get to their exact destination faster. Page 231

11. 1862 Homestead Act • Anyone in the West could obtain 160 acres if they lived and developed the land for five years. OR after six months they could pat $1.25 an acre for the land. • 400,000 – 600,000 European and American families moved west because of the Homestead Act.

12. 1850-1870 Pg. 228

13. People • Most of the pioneers were whites from the Eastern U.S. • The largest minority group represented were African Americans: • Slavery was legal in the South and some came seeking freedom. • Some African Americans were free already. • African Americans could not own land. • Less than 100. • Oregon State banned African American from living there.

14. Pioneers in Washington • Based on what you know about the geography of Washington State where do you think most pioneers settled? • And Why?

15. Washington

16. Washington Spokane Everett Seattle Tacoma Vancouver, Yakama, and Walla Walla

17. Industrialization • Between the 1870s and 1880s • Industrialization replaced the craftsmen with factories. • More products are produced at higher speeds. • Factories required more resources and labor. • People immigrated to the U.S. to meet the factories’ needs.

18. The Railroads

19. The Railroads • The railroads were one of the greatest products of and propellers of the Industrial Revolution. • Allowed for efficient (fast and cheep) transport of people and goods. • Economic and Population growth.

20. 1869 • 1st Transcontinental Railroad is built

21. 1870 • Population in Washington is 23,955

22. 1870

23. 1870 Chinese Immigration • The Chinese were one of the fastest growing minority populations, coming from the mines and railroads in California. • They found work in the canneries and in agriculture. Working conditions were brutal.

25. 1880 • Population in Washington is 73,116

26. 1880

27. 1882 • Chinese Exclusion Act • Many U.S. citizens became frustrated that the Chinese were “taking jobs” and Congress eventually passed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882. • “No More Chinese Immigration!”

28. Tacoma’s “Twenty-Seven”

29. 1883 • Northern Pacific Railroad

30. 1889 • Population in Washington is 357,232

31. 1889

32. 1889 • Washington becomes the 42nd State on Nov. 11th!

33. Statehood Page 250 • Prior to 1870 a territory needed at least 60,000 residents in order to become a state. • In 1870 that number changed to 125,000. • In 1878 Washington had 75,000 and proposed to Congress that they become a state. They were denied. • By way of the Omnibus Bill Washington became a state in 1889 with over 300,000 residents. • Statehood meant: • Washington had state status. • Washington had a voice in Congress.

34. Agriculture: Before Railroads • Agriculture was difficult: heavily forested on the western side and deserts on the East. • Beef cattle was successful and meat was exported to Idaho, Oregon and even California. • Dryland farming (Growing without irrigation) gave rise to wheat farming. Page 236

35. Wheat Farming

36. Fishing: Before Railroads • One of the most successful economic industries. • 1851: Shoalwater Bay oysters were commercially harvested. • Canneries became popular because of all the salmon. Hume Cannery, near the Columbia River, produced 4,000 cases in 1866 and 18,000 cases in 1868. • There were no refrigerators to canned fish was very important.

37. Mining: Before Railroads • In 1849 a large amount of gold was discovered in California (Gold Rush). • In the 1850s and 1860s miners moved north searching for gold. • Gold was discovered in Northeastern Washington (Colville). • Small mining towns were established throughout Washington.

38. Timber

39. Timber: Before Railroads • The California gold rush increased the demand for lumber. Washington’s lumber companies grew. • 1853 Henry Yesler constructed the Territories first steam powered sawmill in Seattle. • By the 1860s Washington’s lumber was being used and shipped all over the world, expanding Washington’s shipping industry as well. • Page 237: Info on working conditions for mining and timber.

40. Agriculture: After Railroads Page 248 • Agriculture was difficult: heavily forested on the western side and deserts on the East. • Beef cattle was successful and meat was exported to Idaho, Oregon and even California. • Dryland farming (Growing without irrigation) gave rise to wheat farming. • After the railroads: Agriculture grew to include irrigation farmers (fruits and vegetables) and ranchers. Hops became a very successful crop that was shipped all over the world.

41. Hop Pickers in White River Valley

42. Fishing: After Railroads • One of the most successful economic industries. • 1851: Shoalwater Bay oysters were commercially harvested. • Canneries became popular because of all the salmon. Hume Cannery, near the Columbia River, produced 4,000 cases in 1866 and 18,000 cases in 1868. • There were no refrigerators to canned fish was very important. • After the railroads: Continued to grow and became a main source of jobs (although the jobs were difficult).

43. Mining: After Railroads • In 1849 a large amount of gold was discovered in California (Gold Rush). • In the 1850s and 1860s miners moved north searching for gold. • Gold was discovered in Northeastern Washington (Colville). • Small mining towns were established throughout Washington. • After the railroads: Mining continued to grow and expanded to include other resources like coal. As a result of growing mining Spokane grew.

44. Timber: After Railroads • The California gold rush increased the demand for lumber. Washington’s lumber companies grew. • 1853 Henry Yesler constructed the Territories first steam powered sawmill in Seattle. • By the 1860s Washington’s lumber was being used and shipped all over the world, expanding Washington’s shipping industry as well. • After the railroads: Grew to provide 80% of Washington Territory’s manufacturing income.

45. The Dawes Act • Between 1887 and 1934 100 million more acres were lost. • Reservations shift from communal ownership to private and individual ownership.