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Islam. Understanding Islam. Understanding Islam. Islam Identifications. Muslim: person who follows Islam Ka ’ aba: Islam ’ s holiest shrine – located in Mecca – Arabic for cube Qu ’ ran: secret text, holy book of Islam Mecca: birth place of Islam, holiest city, Saudi Arabia
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Islam Identifications • Muslim: person who follows Islam • Ka’aba: Islam’s holiest shrine – located in Mecca – Arabic for cube • Qu’ran: secret text, holy book of Islam • Mecca: birth place of Islam, holiest city, Saudi Arabia • Mosque: Muslim house of worship
Islam Identifications • Allah: Arabic for God same as J and C • Medina: first Islamic community, 2nd Holy city, Muhammad gains political and religious power • Hejira: 622 – Muhammad’s journey from Mecca to Medina; marks first expansion of Islam • Jerusalem: 3rd Holiest city to Islam – Dome of the Rock
Islam Identifications 2. What does Islam mean? Islam means to “submission.” In this case, to God • Identify and explain the Five Pillars of Islam. 1. Declaration of Faith 2. Prayer: 5 times per day: must face Mecca 3. Charity: must help the poor and the old 4. Fasting: during the month of Ramadan: sun-up to sun-down: 5. Pilgrimage (Hajj): must visit Mecca once in their life
Arabia These Arab people were pagans, meaning they worshipped many gods. The center of Arabic pagan worship was in a town called Mecca. Pilgrims would travel to Mecca to worship the Kaaba The Kaaba: sacred shine that housed images of all the Arab gods. Also contained a black stone-probably a meteorite, which the Arabs thought was sent from heaven
Muhammad: Founder of Islam Muhammad was born in Mecca about 570. His parents died when he was very young, but he was sent to live with his uncle, who was a Bedouin tribesman, even before they died. Muhammad became a merchant. When he was 25, he met a wealthy widow named Khadija, and married her. 4
Muhammad: Founder of Islam Muhammad was always a very religious person. When he was around 40 years old, the Angel Gabriel spoke to him, saying that God had chosen him as his Prophet. Muhammad’s duty was to proclaim that God, or Allah, was the one and only God.
The Quran Muhammad memorized, word for word, everything the Angel Gabriel spoke to him. It was eventually written down by scribes. These writings are known as the Quran. Quran means “recitation.” • it is the holy book for Muslims, containing guidance in all matters
The Hejira Muhammad began to speak about this new religion to the Arab tribespeople around Mecca. Some began to follow him. Others did not like his message, and plotted to kill both him and his followers. In 622, Muhammad and his followers fled from Mecca to Yathrib, a town to the north. This journey was known as the hejira. Yathrib was later renamed Medina, which means “City of the Prophet.”
The New Religion In 630, Muhammad returned to Mecca with a large army, and defeated his enemies. Muhammad smashed all of the pagan statues around the Kaaba. Islam became the new religion, and Mecca was its birthplace. Islam literally means “submission,” in this case, to God.
The New Religion Muhammad = founder of Islam Muslim = one who is a follower of Islam
Five Pillars of Islam Duty of all Muslims: • Declaration of Faith (Shahada) “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is His Prophet.” • Prayers (Salah) 5 X/day: face Mecca • Charity (Sawm): give to the old & poor • Fasting (Zakat): during Ramadan • Pilgrimage (Hajj): must complete a pilgrimage to Mecca 3
RAMADAN Muslims observe the month of Ramadan, which is either 29 or 30 days, by fasting from sun-up to sundown. This means no food OR water until dark! Muslims mark the end of Ramadan with a holiday called Eidul-Fitr, during which they end their fast.
Islam, Judaism, & Christianity Muhammad recognized Jews and Christians as “People of the Book.” • Hebrew Bible and Christian New Testament were sacred • Believed that they had been “corrupted” over time, however
Similarities with Christianity and Judaism Universality of Humankind • Along with Judaism and Christianity, Islam emphasizes the dignity and equality of humankind: “No Arab has any superiority over a non-Arab…Nor does a white man have any superiority over a black man, or the black man any superiority over the white man. You are all the children of Adam, and Adam was created from clay.”
Similarities with Christianity and Judaism Belief in an Afterlife • Along with Jews and Christians, Muslims believe that we will be held accountable for our actions in the next life: “We shall set up scales of justice for the day of Judgment, so that not a soul will be dealt with unjustly in the least.”
Islamic Law All of the teachings and sayings of Muhammad which did not come directly from God are recorded in the Hadith Together with the Quran, these two texts form the basis of Islamic law, known as Shariah 7
Two Key Beliefs of Islam • There is only one God, Allah • Muhammad is His final Prophet 8
Concept of Jihad • The term jihad appears in the Quran 41 times • Its main meaning refers to an inner struggle by the individual Muslim to fulfill his/her religious duties, and live their lives according to God’s plan • Another meaning of jihad is an outward, physical, violent struggle against the enemies of Islam • This second meaning is misunderstood by both Muslims and Christians 10
Concept of Jihad • According the the Quran: ”You may fight “in the cause of God” against those who attack you, but do not aggress. God does not love the aggressors.” 2:190 • This directive has often been misinterpreted as sanctioning “Holy War.”
Halal Halal Any meat which is slaughtered for consumption must be done so in the correct way, invoking the name of God. The eating of pork is strictly forbidden by Muslims. The Quran also outlaws alcohol.
