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Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution. Pre-Industrial Society Mostly rural 3 field system Forces for change Growing population Need for more food. Agrarian Improvements. Enclosure movement Fencing around landowners property Landowners gained wealth; peasants became poorer Variation of crops

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Industrial Revolution

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  1. Industrial Revolution • Pre-Industrial Society • Mostly rural • 3 field system • Forces for change • Growing population • Need for more food

  2. Agrarian Improvements • Enclosure movement • Fencing around landowners property • Landowners gained wealth; peasants became poorer • Variation of crops • Crop Rotation • Rotate crops • No more fallow fields • More crops, more food, more people • Advancements in farming tools – seed drill • New crops – corn and potato

  3. Dev. Of Capitalism and Early Industry • Goal of industrial production • lessen the unit cost of production through improved technology • Capitalism :incentive to the growing industries • Cottage Industry/Domestic System • textiles • Merchants supply; Women spin cloth • Effects • $$$ for new merchant class • $$$ for peasants • Products were cheaper

  4. The Rise of the Factory • Cottage Industry: could not keep up • New machines: too big to fit in home • Dev. Of Water frame • water =source of energy • Early factories located on water • Hundreds of workers under one roof • single pay scale • single, repetitive part of the production process • All decisions in the hands of the employer • Other power sources: coal and iron

  5. Britain: The Birthplace of the Revolution • Geography • Good climate, natural resources, separate from Europe and European conflicts • Government • trade, peasants movement, funding • Social Factors • Society: less rigid • Colonial Empire • raw materials and markets for goods • Advantages of Industrializing 1st • monopoly on technology • Effects of Textile Factories in Great Britain • Prices were lower • More jobs • Increased population • Urbanization • Immigration

  6. Steam Energy • James Watt (1760s) • Need for more power • Factories: now away from water • Requires coal • Increased mining, more jobs • Iron industry develops • Machinery, railways • Later: steel and the modernization of building • By 1860s, industry had spread to Belgium, France, Prussia, Italy, and the U.S.

  7. Spread of the Industrial Revolution • Industry spread slowly during the 18th & early 19th centuries • No other country had England’s combination of advantages • England protected industrial techniques as state secrets • Napoleon’s wars prevented Europe from industrializing

  8. Advancements • Transportation • Paved roads • Canals • Railroads (1829) • steam power • Effects: cheaper transportation, increased profit, fueled other industries • Engine – Daimler (1885) • Planes – Wright brothers (1903) • Communication • Telegraph – Morse (1837) • Telephone – Bell (1876) • Electricity • Edison – factories can now run at night

  9. Impact of Industrialization on Society • Dev. Of a working class • Poor factory conditions led to change in labor laws • Child labor • Inequality of labor • Dev. of Big Business, Corporations, Business Cycle • Led to organized labor and labor unions • Socialism and Communism • Karl Marx – history is a class struggle between the haves and the have-nots • The working class should seize control • The society as a whole would own everything

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