Unit Four Book Six

1. Unit Four Book Six The Meaning of Work

2. Meaning of Work It's what you spend your days, or nights, doing. It helps define who you are. Week after week, year after year, you get up and go to work. Sure you get paid. But it's probably not your only motivation. What, at the end of your shift or your workday, gives you a sense of accomplishment, inspiration or joy?

3. The concept “meaning of work” can also be defined as one’s orientation or inclination toward work, what the subject is seeking in the work, and the intents that guide his actions

4. What is work? “We moralize work and make it a problem, forgetting that the hands love to work and in the hands is the mind. That “work ethic” idea does more to impede working… it makes it a duty instead of a pleasure. (…) I merely want to speak of working as a pleasure, as an instinctual gratification — not just “the right to work”, or work as an economic necessity or a social duty or a moral penance laid onto Adam after leaving the Paradise. The hands themselves want to do things, and the mind loves to apply itself.

5. Work irreducible. We don’t work for food gathering or tribal power and conquest or to buy a new car and so on and so forth. Working is its own end and brings its own joy; but one has to have a fantasy so that work can go on, and the fantasies we now have about it — economic and sociological — keep it from going on, so we have a huge problem of productivity and quality in our Western work. We have got work where we don’t want it. We don’t want to work. It’s like not wanting to eat or to make love. It’s an instinctual laming. And this is psychology’s fault: it doesn’t attend to the work instinct.”

7. Meaning is a subjective thing: what counts as meaningful work to one person won't to another. This means that companies, for all their insistence on “employee engagement programmes”, can't create meaning and should not try. • Instead they should concentrate on not destroying it – which many of them manage to do effortlessly enough through treating their employees badly.

8. Depersonalization • It consists in adopting so-called objective and impersonal attitudes toward people and to treat them like • any other kind of resources, rejecting more or less consciously their psychological, sociological, cultural, and spiritual complexity. • For example,

9. customers are regarded as economic agents whose sole function is to purchase the goods or services offered by the organization. Similarly, employees are considered as resources that should devote their time and talents to the financial success of the organization. This type of vision leads directly to the denial of the actors’ humanity.

10. stop looking for meaning at once. If they go out looking, they are most unlikely to find anything. It is the same thing with happiness: the more you search, the less you find.

11. Text Analysis

13. assault • A violent physical or verbal attack • Assail: to attack violently • Assault can be used as a noun, as in • Sexual assault • Make an assualt on • Assail can mean: be troubled, upset as in • was assailed by doubts

14. enclose Shut in on all sides; put (sth) in an envelope, etc (used in the pattern: be enclosed in) The surrounding land was enclosed by an eight-foot wire fence. Enclosed in the letter was a cheque for $10.

15. Discordant cacophony • Jarring, discordant sound; dissonance: heard a cacophony of horns during the traffic jam. (hooting) • These jarring sounds include: • Ring, clank, whine, groan, clang, whoosh, crackle, beep, hiss, bang, rumble, clatter and clank

16. Metal rang on metal • To (cause to) give out a clear resonant sound, like that of a bell Toll: to sound (a large bell) slowly at regular intervals.

17. Stamping press • is a manufacturing device that is designed and built to operate progressive stamping dies and other types of dies.

18. clank (cause to) make a dull metallic sound “Here we are now”, Beth said, as the train clanked into a tiny station. The heavy iron door clanked shut behind me.

19. Power tools • A power tool is a tool powered by an electric motor, a compressed air motor, or a gasoline engine.

20. whine • To produce a sustained noise of relatively high pitch: jet engines whining. • habitually complaining; "a whiny child"

21. pulley • wheel with a grooved rim in which a belt, chain, or piece of rope runs in order to lift weights by a downward pull

22. groan • 1. To voice a deep, inarticulate sound, as of pain, grief, or displeasure. • 2. To make a sound expressive of stress or strain: floorboards groaning.

23. hoist • An apparatus for lifting heavy or cumbersome objects. • raise or haul up with or as if with mechanical help; "hoist the bicycle onto the roof of the car"

24. clang • loud resonant repeating noise; • "he could hear the clang of distant bells"

25. weld Join (pieces of metal) by hammering or pressure or fusing by using an oxy-acetylene flame or an electric arc (followed by to, together) He doesn’t know how to weld stainless steel to ordinary steel. They will also be used on factory floors to weld things together.

26. weld • N. the act of welding; the part joined by welding. The manager told us that the weld has been done from inside the car. A team of eight divers repaired the cracked weld on the oil platform in almost 600 feet of water.

27. whoosh • A sibilant sound: • the whoosh of the high-speed elevator.

28. spark A small bit of burning material thrown out by a fire or by striking together of two hard objects Sparks were flying out of the bonfire and blowing everywhere. That small incident was the spark that set off the street riots.

29. spark Throw out tiny glowing bits I stared into the flames of the fire as it sparked into life. This proposal will almost certainly

30. crackle Make small cracking sounds The twigs crackled as we trod on them. The radio crackled just then and I missed what was said.

31. beep • A sound or a signal, as from a horn or an electronic device.

32. hiss • Make the sound /s/, or the noise heard when water falls on a very hot surface; show disapproval by making the /s/ sound • The tires of his bike hissed over the wet pavement as he slowed down. • If you put a very hot pan into cold water, it will hiss and produce a lot of steam. • The villain was hissed and booed whenever he came on stage.

33. bolt • A fastener consisting of a threaded pin or rod with a head at one end, designed to be inserted through holes in assembled parts and secured by a mated nut that is tightened by applying torque

34. bolt

35. bolt • To start suddenly and run away: The horse bolted at the sound of the shot. The frightened child bolted from the room.

36. bang • sudden loud noise, as of an explosion.

37. trolley • a wheeled cart or stand used for moving heavy items, such as shopping in a supermarket or luggage at a railway station

38. rumble Make, move with, a deep, heavy continuous sound Please excuse my stomach rumbling –I haven’t eaten all day. A line of tractors rumbled onto the motorway through a cordon of police.

39. rumble n. deep, heavy, continuous sound We could hear the rumble of distant thunder. The representatives gave us a solid rumble of approval.

40. aisle • 1. A part of a church divided laterally from the nave by a row of pillars or columns. • 2. A passageway between rows of seats, as in an auditorium or an airplane. • 3. A passageway for inside traffic, as in a department store, warehouse, or supermarket.

41. clatter • 1. To make a rattling sound. • 2. To move with a rattling sound: clattering along on roller skates. • 3. To talk rapidly and noisily; chatter

42. clank • A metallic sound, sharp and hard but not resonant: the clank of chains.

43. Conveyor belt

44. rotate • (cause) to move around a central point; (cause to) take turns • Rotating vegetable crops helps to reduce the risk of disease. • It was agreed that the Presidency would rotate among members of the major groups.

45. Dashboard mold • A panel under the windshield of a vehicle, containing indicator dials, compartments, and sometimes control instruments.

46. inject Drive or force a drug, etc (into sth) with a syringe; introduce (new thoughts, etc) (used in the pattern: be injected with or inject sth into sth else) His son was injected with strong drugs by the kidnappers. The technique consists of injecting healthy cells into the weakened muscles. A competition was set up to inject some friendly rivalry into the proceedings.

47. nozzle • a projecting spout from which fluid is discharged

48. Infuriatingly • To a maddening degree • Infuriate: To make furious; enrage.

49. gesture The movement of the hand or head to indicate or illustrate an idea, feeling, etc; sth done to convey an intention In western countries, the thumb raised up is a gesture of approval or agreement. We should invite them to our house, as a gesture of friendship.

50. gesture Make or use a gesture; express with a gesture When he asked where the children were, she gestured vaguely in the direction of the beach. The head of our department gestured me over to the seat next to her.