Chapter 11 Section 2 Classical Greece and Rome

1. Chapter 11 Section 2Classical Greece and Rome

2. Polis • A city-state or independent communities, composed of villages and surrounding farmland.

3. Polis • Greek root word for “politics” • These Polis made up Greece.

4. Aristocracy • Government run by the nobility, or group of powerful landowners. • The nobility ruled the city-states of Greece.

5. Democracy • Government ruled by the people, citizens play an active role. • Developed around 700 B.C., coming from the Greek words demo (people) and kratos (rule).

6. Athens • The most famous city-state of ancient Greece. • By 450 B.C. about 225,000 people lived in Athens.

7. Athens • Athens was a great seafaring power, it became rich with trade. • Athens had a strong democracy.

8. Sparta • Was more inland and did not have a sea for trade. • By 600 B.C. it had conquered and enslaved all the people around it.

9. Sparta • The military and fighting was very important to Spartan culture. • At age seven boys were sent to camps to learn how to fight. • Sparta did not have a democracy and was ruled by nobility.

10. Greek Wars • Darius, the ruler of Persia, decided to invade Greece in 490 B.C. • Greek soldiers defeated Darius and the Persians at Marathon.

11. Greek Wars • Ten years later, Darius’s son Xerxes, again attempted to conquer Greece

12. 300 • Battle of Thermopylaethər-MOP-i-lee • Occurred in August or September 480 B.C. • A group of 300 Spartans held against the Persian forces of Xerxes that number by ancient accounts in the millions for 7 days.

14. Greek Wars • Athens and Sparta joined together to defeat the Persians at the sea battle of Salamis.

15. Peloponnesian Wars • By 431 B.C., fearing the growing power of Athens, Sparta launched a series of attacks against the city. • 404 B.C. Athens surrendered to Sparta and the age of Greek Democracy died.

16. Phillip II • He attacked the Greek city-states and crushed their combined forces at the Battle of Chaeronea (kehr uh NEE uh) in 338 B.C.

17. Phillip II • 336 B.C. he is murdered.

18. Alexander the Great • He was barely 20 years old when his father Phillip II is murdered. • Alexander becomes king and goes on an 11 year conquest of Asia

19. Alexander the Great • Alexander leads a combined Macedonian and Greek force of over 35,000 across Asia.

20. Alexander the Great

21. Alexander the Great

22. Alexander’s End • In 326 B.C. Alexander and his army reached India. • His troops had fought enough and they refused to continue

23. Alexander’s End • Alexander died of fever in 323 B.C. during the return to Macedonia. He was 32 years old.

24. Rome’s Location • The city of Rome located on the Tiber River gave it access inland as well as to the sea. Rome

25. Rome’s Cultural Origins • Rome first settled around 750 B.C.

26. Roman Government • In 509 B.C. the Romans established a republic.

27. Republic • A nation in which power is with the citizens. • It was not a true democracy, it was run by representatives elected by Roman noblemen.

28. Roman Society • Society was divided into three different classes:

29. Patricians (puh TRIH shuhns) • The highest class made up of the wealthy. • Claimed they could trace their roots to the founding of Rome.

30. Plebeians (plih BEE uhns) • The middle class, ordinary working citizens. • They had the right to vote but could not hold office.

31. Enslaved Romans • At the bottom of society, they had no rights at all

32. Rome Ever Expanding • By 146 B.C., Rome controlled all of the land around the Mediterranean Sea.

33. Julius Caesar • Famous Roman general who took control of Gaul (present day France), parts of present day England, and Germany. • He then made himself its dictator.

34. Julius Caesar • The Roman Republic collapsed and Caesar was appointed dictator of all of Rome.

35. Dictator • a leader who rules a country with absolute power, usually by force.

36. Caesar’s End • Caesar was popular with many but upset many partricians. • March 15, 44 B.C. several senators stabbed Caesar to death outside the senate building.

37. Caesar’s End • Caesar’s great nephew, Ocatvian became Rome’s new dictator • Later changed his name to Caesar Augustus

38. Rome’s Technological innovations • One of Rome’s primary strengths were their technological breakthroughs and accomplishments.

39. Roman Roads • The Romans developed a system of making concrete out of a mix of lime and volcanic ash.

40. Roman Roads • The roads primary purpose was to allow Rome’s armies to move quickly but they also carried goods and ideas along their paths.

41. Roman Roads

42. Aqueducts • A series of tunnels and bridges that transported water to Roman cities.

43. Aqueducts • The aqueducts allowed Romans to settle areas that otherwise could not be settled due to the distance from a water source.

44. Aqueducts

45. Fall of the Roman Empire • In the third century A.D. the Roman Empire was split in two. • With Rome being the seat of power in the west and Constantinople in the east

46. Fall of the Roman Empire • In 476 A.D the western empire fell to invaders from present day Germany • The eastern empire, or Byzantium Empire, lasted another 1,000 years.