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Graphing

Graphing. 6 things on a good science graph:. 1. Your name & hour at the top. 2. A title for the graph. It should tell about the information on the graph . Often times you can use the name of the lab as a graph title. Logical units to fill the paper.

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Graphing

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  1. Graphing

  2. 6 things on a good science graph: • 1. Your name & hour at the top. • 2. A title for the graph. It should tell about the information on the graph. Often times you can use the name of the lab as a graph title.

  3. Logical units to fill the paper • 3. Your graph should take up most of the • paper. Use logical units. Units can be • different on different axes, but you can’t • change unit size on an axis. (If you start • to number by 2’s, you can’t change to • 5’s if you run out of room!) • Number the lines, not the spaces.

  4. Axes labeled • 4. Axes must be labeled and drawn with a ruler or straightedge. • HOW TO LABEL AXES: In science, we usually graph something we choose against something we measure. • The thing we choose is called the independent or manipulated variable. Often this is time, or number of items. This is the X axis label. • The thing we measure is the dependent or respondent variable. Items might include temperature, mass, etc. • This is the Y axis label.

  5. Data points circled • 5. Data points are circled to show that your measurement is an approximation, and not the exact value. • When we measure, there is always some error!

  6. Best - fit curve • 6. After all your points are on the graph, most times you will draw a best fit curve. This goes through as many points as possible while remembering that science graphs are NOT dot-to-dots! • THINK about a possible relationship – should there be one? • If best fit curve is a straight line, use a ruler or straightedge.

  7. More on a Best-Fit Curve • A best fit curve more or less follows the data points, but it shows the TREND of the data, rather than individual measurements. In general, points that are not on the line are distributed evenly below and above the line. • If the data seems to show a non- linear relationship, draw a smooth curve through the points.

  8. Another Best-Fit Line

  9. One more examplenote – not all dots are on the line!

  10. Best fit curve/line This looks to be a curve rather than a straight line…

  11. A curve fits the data best in this case

  12. Interpolation • Interpolation is most often used in situations where a table of values is missing data. Interpolation is a process of finding data between 2 known points. Here we are missing 2 points, but can readily figure out about where they should be. ? ?

  13. extrapolation • Extrapolation: This estimates unknown values beyond the known values. A common method of extrapolation is to look at data on a curve, then extend • the curve into regions for which • there is no data. Extrapolation is • often used to predict future data. ? ?

  14. To Summarize: 1. Name 2. Title to tell about graph Hr: 4. Dependent variable labeled 5. Circled data points 3. Graph fits paper 6. Best-fit line 4. Independent variable labeled

  15. Coffee temperature graph • This graph was made by a sleepy physical • science teacher who accidentally poured • her morning coffee into a regular drinking • glass instead of an insulated travel mug. • The graph shows how the coffee • temperature changed over time in each • type of container. • What things are wrong with this graph? Temp (degrees C) 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 65 0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 TIME

  16. The End

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