GHSGT Review 2

1. GHSGT Review 2 Poetry: Figurative Language and Word Structure

2. Elements of Poetry • Prose – writing of novels and short stories (using typical grammar and syntax rules) • Literature written in lines and verses • Often involves rhythm and rhyme • Usually shorter than prose • Uses more figurative language and fewer words than prose

3. Types of Figurative Language • Personification – giving human qualities to things not human • Metaphor – direct comparison • Extended Metaphor – when something with several characteristics is compared with another item • Imagery – appealing to the senses • Simile – comparison using “like” or “as”

4. Figurative Language (continued) • Irony – appearance of things differs from reality • Dramatic irony – reader/audience know more than the actors/characters • Paradox – contradictory ideas together to point out a deeper meaning • Allusion – reference to well-known place, literary work, art work, famous person or historical event

5. Figurative Language (continued) • Symbolism – any object, person, place or action that has a meaning in itself and also represents a meaning beyond itself • Hyperbole – exaggerated statement • Understatement (Meiosis) – stressing the importance of something by minimizing it’s expression

6. Figurative Language (that you may not know or remember) • Synecdoche – using a part of something to represent the whole • All hands on deck! • Metonymy – substituting a term closely associated to another term • The power of the crown was weakened. • Conceit – opposite words describe conflicting emotions (used mostly in love poems) • Love/hate relationship: love for a person described as bright smoke, cold fire, sick health…

7. Types of Poetry • Epic – long, complicated story-poems • Tell of extraordinary deeds by supernatural heroes and villains • Lyric poem – conveys exact mood or feeling to the reader • Poet speaks directly to the reader • Sonnet – kind of lyric poem with strict 14-line format • Ballads – oral tradition that tell a story in a song • Focus on actions and dialogue (not characters)

8. Rhythm and Meter • Rhythm - Movement or sense of movement (beat) • Pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables that is repeated throughout the poem • Meter – Word pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables • Consonance, alliteration, and assonance help

9. Rhyme Types • Internal rhyme – words that rhyme inside a single line • Slant – words almost rhyme; final consonant sound rhymes but not the final vowel • End – most common type; at the ends of lines

10. Rhyme Scheme • Fixed rhyme – repeated pattern of end rhyme • Use letters to identify • Couplets – two-line rhyme pairs • Stanza – group of lines • Masculine rhyme – end rhyme couplet of only one syllable each • Feminine rhyme – end rhyme couplet of more than one syllable each

11. Poetry Passages/Questions • Always read the directions • Scan the Questions • Read the poem carefully • Identify rhyming couplets if possible • Underline key words information • Read all the choices • REMEMBER: You CAN write in your test booklets.