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GHSGT Comprehensive Review

GHSGT Comprehensive Review. Day 1 Structure and Properties of Atoms. Understanding of an Atom. What is the definition of an atom?. ELEMENT 1. ELEMENT 2. ELEMENT 3. ELEMENT 4. Atomic Theory. +. +. Atomic Theory. All atoms consist of 2 regions that contain the subatomic particles

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GHSGT Comprehensive Review

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  1. GHSGTComprehensive Review Day 1 Structure and Properties of Atoms

  2. Understanding of an Atom What is the definition of an atom?

  3. ELEMENT 1 ELEMENT 2 ELEMENT 3 ELEMENT 4 Atomic Theory

  4. + + Atomic Theory

  5. All atoms consist of 2 regions that contain the subatomic particles The nucleus The electron cloud around the nucleus The nucleus is a very small region located near the center of the atom In every atom the nucleus contains At least 1 proton (p+) which is positive At least 1 neutron (no) which is neutral Atomic Structure

  6. The electron cloud is the region that surrounds the nucleus This region contains 1 or more electrons (e-), which are negatively charged subatomic particles The volume of the electron cloud is much larger than the nucleus Atomic Structure

  7. Properties of Subatomic Particles RELATIVE RELATIVE ACTUAL MASS (g) PARTICLE SYMBOL MASS CHARGE Structure of the Atom

  8. With the exception of Hydrogen, every nucleus contains 2 kinds of particles protons and neutrons they make up the mass of the atom (Mass Number = Protons + Neutrons) Proton has a charge equal to but opposite of the charge of an elec. Atoms are neutral because they contain equal #’s of protons & electrons Atomic Structure

  9. The atoms of different elements differ in the # of protons in their nuclei and therefore in their positive charge The # of protons the atom contains determines the atom’s identity Only Oxygen contains 8 protons Only Fluorine contains 9 protons Only Neon contains 10 protons Structure of the Atom

  10. Basic Truth: All atoms contain the same basic parts, but atoms of different elements have different numbers of protons. The PT lists atoms in consecutive order by their Atomic Number (Z) The atomic number is directly related to the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of that element Counting Atoms

  11. The atomic number is found above the elemental symbol on the PT and it defines the type of element Atomic #47 can only be Ag and it also can only have 47 protons in each nucleus Because atoms are neutral, we know from the atomic number the atom must also contain 47 electrons. Counting Atoms

  12. The total number of protons & neutrons determines the mass of the atom Called the Mass Number A Carbon atom, has 6 protons and 6 neutrons, so its mass number is 12 If you know the atomic number & mass number of an atom of any element, you can determine the atom’s composition Counting Atoms

  13. Plutonium 94 Pu Atomic Number (protons) (244) Mass Number Symbol A X protons + neutrons Z Atomic Number (protons)

  14. Every Cl atom has 17 protons, w/o exception, but not every Cl atom has 18 neutrons. Atoms with the same # of protons but contain different #s of neutrons are called isotopes. Since isotopes of an element have different #s of neutrons they have different masses Counting Atoms

  15. Isotopes are chemically alike because they have identical numbers of protons and electrons It’s the electrons and protons that are responsible for chemical behavior Isotopes can be noted using hyphen notation (Cl-35 vs Cl-37) elemental symbol hyphen mass number Counting Atoms

  16. or Na-24 or Na-23 Isotope: one of two or more atoms having the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

  17. Practice

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