1 / 27

HYDROLYSIS REACTIONS

HYDROLYSIS REACTIONS. Hydrolysis of Esters. Basic Solution. Na +. Na +. heat. Acidic Solution. heat. excess. Hydrolysis requires strong acid or base and heating under reflux. ….. It’s not easy !. Hydrolysis of an Ester in Base. NaOH. H-OH. proton transfers. -. HO.

piper
Download Presentation

HYDROLYSIS REACTIONS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. HYDROLYSIS REACTIONS

  2. Hydrolysis of Esters Basic Solution Na+ Na+ heat Acidic Solution heat excess Hydrolysis requires strong acid or base and heating under reflux. ….. It’s not easy !

  3. Hydrolysis of an Ester in Base NaOH H-OH proton transfers - HO

  4. Hydrolysis of an Ester in Acid H2SO4 / H2O H3O+ + H-OH2 proton transfers OH2 + H3O+

  5. Hydrolysis of Amides Basic Solution Na+ Na+ heat Acidic Solution heat excess Hydrolysis requires strong acid or base and heating under reflux. ….. It’s not easy !

  6. Base-Promoted Hydrolysis of a Amide MECHANISM NaOH most often this step reverses because OH- is a better leaving group than NH2- once in a while stronger base than OH-, but this step doesn’t reverse because of the next one accumulates

  7. ACYLATION OF ENAMINES

  8. Acylation of an Enamine .. - Cl acyl group was added

  9. Acylation of an Enamine Mechanism iminium salt slow enamine .. ….. continued

  10. Acylation of an Enamine Mechanism (cont) +

  11. SUMMARY OF ACYLATION enamine acyl group

  12. MISCELLANEOUS REACTIONS OF ACID DERIVATIVES

  13. Reaction of Esters with Organometallic Reagents cleaves the ether …. reacts twice !

  14. Reduction of Esters

  15. Reduction of Esters to Aldehydes

  16. NITRILES REACTIONS AND SYNTHESIS

  17. Formation of Nitriles SN2 Reaction Addition to C=O .. + pH 6 cyanohydrin

  18. Hydrolysis of Nitriles ACID SOLUTION BASIC SOLUTION Acid or Base

  19. Base-Promoted Hydrolysis of a Nitrile MECHANISM NaOH 1) 2) 3) amide ….. continued

  20. Base-Promoted Hydrolysis of a Amide MECHANISM NaOH 4) 5) 6)

  21. Acid-catalyzed Hydrolysis of a Nitrile MECHANISM 1) 2) H2SO4 / H2O 3) H-OH2 + protonated amide ….. continued

  22. Acid-catalyzed Hydrolysis of a Amide + .. H-OH2 .. 4) OH2 5) 6)

  23. FATS AND OILS

  24. The Fatty Acids

  25. The Triacylglycerols glycerol fatty acid 2 fatty acid 3 fatty acid 1 Each acyl group can come from a different fatty acid chain.

  26. SAPONIFICATION SOAP NaOH (lye) heat “SOAP”

  27. - Na+ - Na+ - Na+ - Na+ - Na+ - Na+ - Na+ - Na+ MICELLE grease particle

More Related