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Race And Intimate Relationships. Exchange relationships develop within structures of interdependence between actors Main Assumption? People behave in ways that increase outcomes they positively value and decrease outcomes they negatively value. Exchange Theory.
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Exchange relationships develop within structures of interdependence between actors • Main Assumption? • People behave in ways that increase outcomes they positively value and decrease outcomes theynegatively value Exchange Theory
Blau (1964): Personal attraction, social acceptance, social approval, instrumental services, respect and prestige, and compliance/power. • Foa & Foa (1974, 1980): Love, status, services, goods, information, and money. • Merton and Davis (1941): Race and caste • Gonzales & Meyers (1993): Attractiveness, financial security, expressiveness, instrumentality, sincerity, and sex. Exchange Resources
Interracial relationships put some resources at risk (Dalmage 2000) • Blau(1964): Personal attraction, social acceptance, social approval, instrumental services, respect and prestige, and compliance/power. • White Border Patrolling • White (women) who intermarry are often disowned or explained away as flawed, misguided, prostitutes. • Black Border Patrolling • Blacks who intermarry are viewed as having lost their culture and connection. Seen as weak and doing so to improve status: “sellouts”, “Uncle Toms”. • Rebound and Intensified Racism • Whites experience racism indirectly through antagonism directed at their partners. • Racism normally directed at blacks is intensified when they date/marry interracially. Exchange Resources 50% 38% 33% 19%
Methodology San Francisco, CA Phoenix, AZ Denver, CO Dallas, TX Houston, TX Kansas City, KS St. Louis, MO Miami, FL Baltimore, MD New York City, NY Collection of nearly 7000 personal advertisements from the personal ads sections of ten cities’ free newsweeklies (i.e., City Papers): Chosen for their regional diversity and ethnic makeup.
Methodology Area Of Country Gender Sexual Orientation Race Age Race Desired Age Desired Resources Offered/Sought Physical Attractiveness Financial Security Expressive Traits Instrumental Traits Sincerity Interest in Public and/or Private Relationship Trained coders recorded both objective information (e.g., race, age) and specific content categories (dichotomous, frequency, specific words) to be included in the analysis.
Desired Personal Characteristics This is the usual trend discussed in the literature
Offered Personal Characteristics This is the usual trend discussed in the literature
Race Of Desired Partner: Whites R Exclusively Seeks This Race R Will Date This Race
Race Of Desired Partner: Blacks R Exclusively Seeks This Race R Will Date This Race
Race Of Desired Partner: Asians R Exclusively Seeks This Race R Will Date This Race
Interracial Marriage Racial interdating is more common than racial intermarriage Odds of an individual becoming involved in an interracial marriage increase with higher educational attainment and socioeconomic status Both men and women from ‘lower status racial groups’ but with higher education levels tend to marry spouses from a ‘higher status racial group’ with low education levels Hispanics and Asian Americans have higher levels of interracial marriage than African Americans despite immigration Most interracial marriages occur in mixed-race geographic areas Most interracial marriages involve whites and another minority. White men’s interests in dating interracially drive the patterns. Homogamy v. Heterogamy