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THE ECONOMIC AND TECHNICAL INTEGRATION OF WIND POWER INTO THE SPANISH ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

THE ECONOMIC AND TECHNICAL INTEGRATION OF WIND POWER INTO THE SPANISH ELECTRICAL SYSTEM. Alberto Ceña Technical Director SPANISH WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION ASOCIACIÓN EMPRESARIAL EÓLICA. UNIVERSITY OF BATH 9 May 2008. SUMMARY. WIND ENERGY IN SPAIN

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THE ECONOMIC AND TECHNICAL INTEGRATION OF WIND POWER INTO THE SPANISH ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

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  1. THE ECONOMIC AND TECHNICAL INTEGRATION OF WIND POWER INTO THE SPANISH ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Alberto Ceña Technical Director SPANISH WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION ASOCIACIÓN EMPRESARIAL EÓLICA UNIVERSITY OF BATH 9 May 2008

  2. SUMMARY • WIND ENERGY IN SPAIN • KEY ELEMENTS FOR THE SUCCESS OF WIND ENERGY IN SPAIN: • SUPPORT MECHANISM • OPERATION OF THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM: • WIND ENERGY IN ELECTRICAL MARKET • PREDICTION • IMPACT ON THE POOL MARKET • ADVANCED CODES AND IMPORTANT EXPERIENCE ON GRID INTEGRATION • CONCLUSIONS

  3. SUMMARY • WIND ENERGY IN SPAIN • KEY ELEMENTS FOR THE SUCCESS OF WIND ENERGY IN SPAIN: • SUPPORT MECHANISM • OPERATION OF THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM: • WIND ENERGY IN ELECTRICAL MARKET • PREDICTION • IMPACT ON THE POOL MARKET • ADVANCED CODES AND IMPORTANT EXPERIENCE ON GRID INTEGRATION • CONCLUSIONS

  4. CONTINOUS AND STEADY GROWTH OF WIND POWER IN SPAIN15,145 MW AT 01/01/2008

  5. YEARLY EVOLUTION OF WIND CAPACITY IN OPERATION IN SPAIN

  6. AMONG ALL RENEWABLE ENERGIES WIND ENERGY IS THE MAIN SOURCE OF POWER PRODUCTION

  7. INSTALLED WIND POWER WAS 16.4% OF THE TOTAL POWER INSTALLED IN SPAIN IN 2007 Breakdown of installed capacity technologies 2007

  8. COMBINED CYCLES AND WIND FARMS COVERS THE GROWTH OF POWER DEMAND IN SPAIN Units: MW Source: JM Rodriguez REE.

  9. WIND ENERGY REPRESENTS ALMOST 10% OF POWER GENERATION IN 2007 AND IT COVERS THE 20% OF DEMAND GROWTH Generation breakdown by technology 2007 The average capacity factor was of 25%, 10% more than in Germany and 10% less than the UK

  10. AROUND OF 100 PROMOTERS HAVE PROJETS IN DIFFERENT STAGES BUT THERE IS A CLEAR TREND TO CONCENTRATION AROUND OF THE ELECTRICAL COMPANIES. OWNERSHIP OF WIND POWER PLANTS IN SPAIN DEVELOPER BREAKDOWN OF CUMULATIVE INSTALLED CAPACITY TO 01/01/2008

  11. WIND ENERGY HAS CREATED AN IMPORTANT INDUSTRIAL NETWORK MANUFACTURER BREAKDOWN OF CUMULATIVE INSTALLED CAPACITY TO 01/01/2008 An important number of components suppliers completes the industrial grid created by the wind energy sector

  12. TYPICAL SCHEME FOR THE EXECUTION OF PROJECT PRIVATE SITE SELECTION PUBLIC COMMUNITY MET. TOWER INSTALLATION > 1 YEAR OF DATA (2) REGIONAL AUTHORITY ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORIZATION (1) DIST./TRANSMISION COMPANIES CONNECTION/ACCESS POINT REG. AUTHORITY AD. AUTHORIZATION PAYMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION LICENCES AND URBANISTIC LEVY COMMUNITY PERMITS RENTING CONSTRUCTION OPERATION

  13. C0MMUNITIES WITH WIND FARMS WITHIN THEIR MUNICIPAL LIMITS 10% of the 8,100 municipalities have some kind of wind plant activities within their limits

  14. POSITIVE IMPACT ON THE INDUSTRIAL EXPANSION

  15. SUMMARY • WIND ENERGY IN SPAIN • KEY ELEMENTS FOR THE SUCCESS OF WIND ENERGY IN SPAIN: • SUPPORT MECHANISM • OPERATION OF THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM: • WIND ENERGY IN ELECTRICAL MARKET • PREDICTION • IMPACT ON THE POOL MARKET • ADVANCED CODES AND IMPORTANT EXPERIENCE ON GRID INTEGRATION • CONCLUSIONS

  16. FI SE Feed-in tariff EE LA Quota / TGC DK LT IE UK PL NL Feed-in tariff and Quota / TGC DE BE BE CZ SK LU AT FR HU SI Tax incentives / Investment grants IT PT ES GR Other system MT CY PREDOMINANT SUPPORT SCHEMES FOR RES-E A clear majority of EU countries uses feed-in tariffs as main instrument Source: Fraunhofer Institute Systems and Innovation Research

  17. NEW PROGRESS IN RENEWABLE ENERGY REGULATION 1994 1997 1998 1999 2002 2004 ROYAL DECREES “SPECIAL SCHEME” R. D. ELECTRICITY LAW RENEWABLE ENERGY PROMOTION PLAN NATIONAL ENERGY PLAN ROYAL DECREE 436/2004 • Priority of access • Premium-based incentives • 29% of power production will be renewable in 2010 • Basic framework for renewables • 8,974 MW of wind farms in 2010 • 13,000 MW of wind farms in 2011 • Regulatory stability to reach targets 2005 2007 NEW RENEWABLE ENERGIES PLAN IN 2020, BINDING TARGET OF 20% RENEWABLE ENERGIES ROYAL DECREE 661/2007 • 20,155 MW of wind farms in 2010 • Binding target for Europe

  18. First 20 Thereafter units: cents/kWh years Tariff 7.3228 6.12 Reference premium 2.9291 0 Cap 8.4944 Floor 7.1275 RD 661/2007 FINANCIAL SCHEME (HOURLY VALUES) • 2 options: • Regulated tariff: regulated tariff + supplements – deviations • Market: market price + premium + supplements – deviations Supplements: reactive power, voltage dips (only for existing farms) Updated based on RPI-X, • where X is 0.25 until 2012 and 0.5 thereafter (2007 values) 31/12/2007 EXISTING INSTALLATIONS NEW INSTALLATIONS Must choose by 01/01/2009 between: • Staying with the current RD 436/2004 scheme: • Regulated tariff: • no time limit • no update • Market until 31/12/2012 (without premium update and incentive) and subsequently change to the new RD 661/2007 scheme • Change to the new RD 661/2007 scheme 2010 changes applicable from 2013. The premium can be retroactive.

  19. RD 436/2004AND RD 661/2007 COMPARISON Royal Decree 661/2007 Ranges: • 0<pool< 4.1984 → premium=7.1275-pool • 4.1984<pool< 5.5653 → premium=reference premium • 5,5653<pool<8.4944 → premium=8.4944-pool • pool>8.4944 → premium=0

  20. THE POOL PRICE IS KEY IN THE REVENUES FOR WIND FARMS Pool prices follow power demand, fuel costs, CO2 emissions duties and hydropower production.

  21. Payments to wind, 2006 € / MWh 120 Regulated Market Tariff 100 3.80 - 2.60 - 0.50 - 0.80 91.01 4.81 7.66 30.64 72.73 80 3.8 68.93 60 48.01 40 20 0 Power Average wind Reactive Deviations Prediction Market Total Regulated tariff Reactive Total payments Premium Incentive power 40% TMR 10% TMR guarantee Agent (90% TMR ) power price payments Source : AEE HIGH POOL PRICES IN 2006 DUE TO HIGH NATURAL GAS, GHG CREDITS AND DROUGHT

  22. RETRIBUTION IN 2007 ACCORDING TO THE RD 436/2004

  23. RETRIBUTION IN 2007 ACCORDING TO THE NEW RD 661/2007

  24. SUMMARY • WIND ENERGY IN SPAIN • KEY ELEMENTS FOR THE SUCCESS OF WIND ENERGY IN SPAIN: • SUPPORT MECHANISM • OPERATION OF THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM: • WIND ENERGY IN ELECTRICAL MARKET • PREDICTION • IMPACT ON THE POOL MARKET • ADVANCED CODES AND IMPORTANT EXPERIENCE ON GRID INTEGRATION • CONCLUSIONS

  25. ALMOST ALL PRODUCERS ARE MAKING OFFERS ON THE POOL MARKET Mw installed 0% market Derivation electricity Market DESVIATION MANAGEMENT (GWh) Mw Distribution The presence of wind energy in the market has helped to the reduction of electricity for services management • The bulk of wind energy makes offers on the pool market. • All wind farms in Spain are programming their production to participate in the market year (universal use of prediction tools).

  26. Parque Eólico 1 Parque Eólico 2 Parque Eólico N WIND ENERGY IN THE ELECTRICAL MARKET OMEL REE Programación (10:00h/D-1) • Restricciones técnicas • Otros procesos de gestión técnica MERCADO DIARIO PROGRAMA HORARIO FINAL (PHF) Resultado de la Casación MERCADOS INTRADIARIOS Ajustes intradiarios Programación ajustada 6 veces/día INCIDENCE OF WIND ENERGY IN THE BALANCING POWER: • The main incidence of wind power is in tertiary regulation (between 15’ and 3 hours) and management of deviations between generation and load (before closing day and intraday markets). • Unforeseen variation of power demand is more important (with 40% 0f deviations) than prediction errors of wind power plants (slightly over 30%). • Costs in balancing power caused by wind energy is paid by wind producers. The unitary cost in 2007 was of 1,4 €/MWh much lower than initially foreseen.

  27. ELECTRICAL MARKET DISTRIBUTORS ECONOMIC FLOWS IN THE OPERATION OF WIND FARMS CNE ADJUSTMENTS PRIVATE LAND OWNER € kWh € WIND FARMS OWNERS CONSUMERS COMMUNITIES € € € - Renting € - Taxes - Agreed fees SOCIAL BENEFITS (ANNEX) OPERATION & MAINTENANCE INVESTMENT PAY-BACK ELECTRICAL CONSUMERS PAYS FOR EVERYTHING IN ACCORDANCDE WITH THE EXPECTED BENEFITS

  28. SUMMARY • WIND ENERGY IN SPAIN • KEY ELEMENTS FOR THE SUCCESS OF WIND ENERGY IN SPAIN: • SUPPORT MECHANISM • OPERATION OF THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM: • WIND ENERGY IN ELECTRICAL MARKET • PREDICTION • IMPACT ON THE POOL MARKET • ADVANCED CODES AND IMPORTANT EXPERIENCE ON GRID INTEGRATION • CONCLUSIONS

  29. Variable generation Days Minutes/3 hours Seconds Miliseconds PLANT AVAILABILITY DAILY INTRA-DAY MACHINES AND INSTALLATIONS ADAPTED FOR TRANSITORY STABILITY OPTIMUM PRODUCTION PROGRAMME INTRA-DAY PRODUCTION ADJUSTMENTS INTRA-DAY RODUCTION ADJUSTMENS PRODUCTION FORECAST FREQUENCY CONTROL LOOP P/f DEVIATION MANAGEMENT BEFRORE CLOSING MARKETS OPTIMISATION OF SECONDARY AND TERTIARY REGULATION SERVICES OPTIMISATION OF SECONDARY REGULATION SERVICES TECHNICALRESTRICTIONS BEFORE DAILY MARHET NON-APPLICABLE* ON LINE TECHNICAL RESTRICTIONS DIP VOLTAGES OPTIMISATION OF SPINNING RESERVES PREDICTION IMPROVES THE OPERATION OF THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM AS A WHOLE Source: Areva y AEE

  30. ERRORS OF PREDICTION EMAP shows clear dependency with Fc (Capacity Factor). Much higher than the EMAE (Mean Absolute State Error), which is the prediction error measured against nominal capacity, with values in the order of 10%. It is easier to make good predictions for high power values • EMAP (Mean Absolute Production Error):

  31. oct nov dic oct04- sep05: y = 0.5186x 2 R = 0.9138 ene feb mar 60% abr 50% may 40% jun 30% Individual EMAP after aggregating jul 20% ago 10% sep 0% oct04-sep05 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 140% 0% Initial EMAP Lineal (oct04-sep05) BENEFITS OF WIND FARM CLUSTERING Once added, the total EMAP obtained is lowered almost to half its initial value, reducing greatly its impact on the stability of the system.

  32. SUMMARY • WIND ENERGY IN SPAIN • KEY ELEMENTS FOR THE SUCCESS OF WIND ENERGY IN SPAIN: • SUPPORT MECHANISM • OPERATION OF THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM: • WIND ENERGY IN ELECTRICAL MARKET • PREDICTION • IMPACT ON THE POOL MARKET • ADVANCED CODES AND IMPORTANT EXPERIENCE ON GRID INTEGRATION • CONCLUSIONS

  33. WIND ENERGY SUBSTITUTES MORE EXPENSIVE POWER PLANTS AND THEN POOL PRICE IS REDUCED RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WIND ENERGY AND POOL PRICE IN THE DAILY MARKET (data January 2007-july 2007) Reduction of prices is estimated in around 2-3 €/MWh every 1000 MW of wind power in the system and it almost covers the cost of premium linked to wind energy

  34. IMPACT OF THE WIND ENERGY IN THE POOL MARKET Pool market (January 2007-July 2007) • This graph shows by levels of wind generation the average pool price per hour (January 2007-July 2007). • The range <1000MW shows the average pool price by hour if the contribution of the wind energy was null. • The following curves show increases of wind production, this shows how the pool price decrease when increase the contribution from wind power.

  35. SUMMARY • WIND ENERGY IN SPAIN • KEY ELEMENTS FOR THE SUCCESS OF WIND ENERGY IN SPAIN: • SUPPORT MECHANISM • OPERATION OF THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM: • WIND ENERGY IN ELECTRICAL MARKET • PREDICTION • IMPACT ON THE POOL MARKET • ADVANCED CODES AND IMPORTANT EXPERIENCE ON GRID INTEGRATION • CONCLUSIONS

  36. INTEGRATION OF WIND ENERGY INTO THE ELECTRICAL GRID.SPAIN HAS THE MORE STRICT GRID CODES AND IT IS A PIONEER IN THE COORDINATION WITH THE TSO • Turbines are usually far away from centers of consumption • Wind power has helped and financed the reinforcement of the grid. • Time variation of wind power: • Request of balancing is lower than expected and less important than load management. • Results of forecast models are improving and aggregating production from different sites reduces deviations. • Technical Integration into the grid: • WTGs and wind farms are incorporating for grid stability solutions. • Voltage control and FACTs integration in Substations are being implemented. • Other ancillary services are under investigation.

  37. COLLABORATION BETWEEN WIND SECTOR AND SYSTEM OPERATORS IS FOUNDAMENTAL: ALLOWS A MUTUAL UNDERSTADING OF TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS Shortcircuit in Loeches SE • A joint study between the wind sector and the System Operators of PO (REN) and ES (REE), led by REE. • Different scenarios of wind penetration according to the demand level of the Iberian Electrical System and adaptation of WTGs to comply with the grid codes. • In parallel to future levels of wind power fed into the grid, consumption requests of active and reactive power in dip voltage conditions were evaluated 1400-1000 MW 850-1000 MW 500 MW are disconnected 300 km of distance . 400 MW

  38. ... ... ... WIND FARM WIND FARM WIND FARM CECRE Control Center ADSL Punto a Punto HUB Dedicated line Telemando VSAT COORDINATED OPERATION OF ALL WIND FARMS BY THE SYSTEM OPERATOR IMPROVES GRID SECURITY CECRE CURTAILMENT CONDITIONS Network over-loadings at specific nodes Risks of losses of load due to dynamic stability problems Short circuit limits which could affect the operation of protections at neighboring substations Excess generation which can not be incorporated into the system at low load periods

  39. PRODUCTION CURTAILMENTS IN MARCH 2008 Reducción de generación eólica por hueco de tensión (4/3/2008) Reducción de generación eólica por sobrecarga (7/3/2008) Fuente: CAM

  40. SUMMARY • WIND ENERGY IN SPAIN • KEY ELEMENTS FOR THE SUCCESS OF WIND ENERGY IN SPAIN: • SUPPORT MECHANISM • OPERATION OF THE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM: • WIND ENERGY IN ELECTRICAL MARKET • PREDICTION • IMPACT ON THE POOL MARKET • ADVANCED CODES AND IMPORTANT EXPERIENCE ON GRID INTEGRATION • CONCLUSIONS

  41. CONCLUSIONS ON WIND ENERGY IN SPAIN • It is the third country at world wide level and the goals for 2010 makes it the most interesting for the future within the EU. • The specificities of the Spanish development with wind farms for 25 MW in average size, facilitates the integration of wind energy into the grid as well as solutions such as clustering of several wind farms. • Wind producers are making offers to the market and therefore prediction is universally used. • LVRT Grid Code is the most strict in the world due to the isolation of the Iberian grid and used for manufacturers to develop products for third markets.

  42. THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION Alberto Ceña acena@aeeolica.org

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