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Alcohol

Alcohol. Chapter 10. Chemistry of Alcohol. Psychoactive ingredient Ethyl Alcohol Beer 3-6% alcohol by volume Malt Liquors 6-8% alcohol by volume Table wines 9-14% alcohol by volume Fortified wines 20% alcohol by volume Hard liquors 35-50% alcohol by volume Proof Value Ingestion.

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Alcohol

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  1. Alcohol Chapter 10

  2. Chemistry of Alcohol • Psychoactive ingredient • Ethyl Alcohol • Beer 3-6% alcohol by volume • Malt Liquors 6-8% alcohol by volume • Table wines 9-14% alcohol by volume • Fortified wines 20% alcohol by volume • Hard liquors 35-50% alcohol by volume • Proof Value • Ingestion

  3. Absorption • 20% is rapidly absorbed • 75% is absorbed in the upper small intestines • Remain is absorbed along the GI track • Carbonation increases the absorption • Food in the stomach decreases the absorption • Eventually all the alcohol ingested will be absorbed

  4. Metabolism and Excretion • Transported throughout the body via the bloodstream. • Main site for metabolism is the Liver. • 2-20% of ingested alcohol is not metabolized.

  5. Alcohol Intake and Blood Alcohol Concentration • Body weight and body fat • Size of the individual • Percentage of body fat • Difference between women & men • Balance of alcohol absorbed and rate of metabolism

  6. Effects of Alcohol on Health • Dependant on the individual. • Low Concentrations .03% -.05%. • Higher Concentrations 0.1%, 0.2%,. • Concentration of .35%. • Poisoning • Hangover • Use in combination with drugs.

  7. Drinking and Driving • 800,000 people are injured a year • 40,000 people are killed in alcohol related accidents

  8. The Effects of Chronic Use • Diseases of the digestive and cardiovascular systems • Liver function • liver cell damage and destruction (cirrhosis) • Cirrhosis causes drinker to lose Tolerance • Pancreas inflammation • Cardiovascular system • moderate doses may reduce the risk of HD • Higher doses elevates BP, may weaken heart muscle or cardiac myopathy. • Cancer • Mortality

  9. The Effects on Pregnancy • Effects are dose-related. • FAS Fetal Alcohol Syndrome • Under weight, flat nasal bridge, and long upper lip. • Small and have heart defects. • Physical and mental growth is slow.Remain mentally impaired. Fine motor skill problems, coordination, learning and behavioral problems (ADS). • ARND Alcohol-related neurodevelopment disorder. • Heavier drinking early in pregnancy.

  10. Health Benefits of Alcohol • Abstainers and light to moderate drinkers live longer than heavy users. • Moderate drinking = one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men. • May lower coronary heart disease. • Raising blood levels of HDL. • May lower risks of; diabetes, arterial blockages, Alzheimer’s

  11. Alcohol Abuse and Dependence • Alcohol abuse is recurrent use that has negative consequences. • Drinking in dangerous situations. • Patterns that lead to problems at home, work, school, interpersonal, or legal.

  12. Alcohol Abuse and Dependence • Binge Drinking • Alcohol Dependence (alcoholism) • Involves physical tolerance and withdrawal • Signs of Impending Problems with Alcohol

  13. Alcoholism • Tolerance • Different Patterns • Health Effects • DTs (delirium tremens) • paranoia • Social and Psychological effects • Causes of Alcoholism

  14. Treatment Programs • Not one program works for everyone. • AA. • 12-step program • Al-Anon. • Employee Assistance. • Pharmacological treatments. • Disulfiram • Naltrexone

  15. Gender and Ethnic Differences • Men • White American men • Women • African Americans • Latinos • Asian Americans • American Indians and Alaska Natives

  16. Drinking Behavior and Responsibility • Examine your attitudes about alcohol use. • Examine your drinking behavior. • Drink Moderately and responsibly • Drink slowly • Space your drinks • Eat before and while drinking • Know your limits and your drinks

  17. Promote Responsible Drinking In Others • Encourage responsible attitudes • Be a responsible host • Hold the drinker responsible • Learn about prevention programs • Take community action

  18. Thank You!

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