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The multicellular organism. Dr. Ajith Sominanda (MBBS, MPhil, PhD) Department of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine-Peradeniya. Objectives for SBM-1/2 . b. The multicellular organism
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The multicellular organism Dr. Ajith Sominanda(MBBS, MPhil, PhD) Department of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine-Peradeniya
Objectives for SBM-1/2 b. The multicellular organism 1. understand the levels of organization of the multicellular organism from cells, tissues, organs and systems and their integration in to human being 2. understand the terms “totipotent” and “pluripotent” 3. understand that the functional unit of the multicellular organism is the tissue 4. state the basic systems of the body and their functions
Where to find the objectives http://www.med.pdn.ac.lk http://www.pdn.ac.lk http://www.pdn.ac.lk/uop/main/faculty_centers.html http://www.med.pdn.ac.lk/curriculum/coursemap.html http://www.med.pdn.ac.lk/groups/1/y1s1/foundation.html http://www.med.pdn.ac.lk/groups/1/y1s1/foundation.html
Living versus Non-living things@ First School Years Living Things Non-Living Things
An attempt to describe a living thing A something capable of • Growing • Using energy for its activities • Formation of its copies / offspring appears to be a living thing Scientific term for living thing is ORGANISM
Life at molecular level Inorganic molecules organic moleculesbiomolecules
Are Prion protein and virus organisms ? Prion = ‘Protein’ + ‘infectious’ Infectious proteins
The scientific definition An organized thing or a system capable of self Growth Synthesis and degradation of materials by utilizing or releasing energy-Metabolism Keep a balance of the activities and conditions - Homeostasis Response to the environmental stimuli Reproduction
What is a cell • The cell is considered as the basic structural unitof the living things (organism)
Unicellular Versus Multicellular organisms • Organisms • Multicellular organism • Unicellular organism
Process of Unicellular to multi cellular organization The long process -The evolution • The short process – • The Embryogenesis, growth & Development
Ability (Potential) of a cell to change (differentiate) into different cell types during embryogenesis Totipotent - cells having total (full) potential to differentiate into another cell Pluripotent- cells having some potential to develop into another cells Unipotent cells - cells having no potential to develop into another cell Germinal cell layers
Organization of cells to form specific functions group of cells that is aggregated to perform a specific function/s are called TISSUES Tissue is the functional unit of multi cellular organism
Four basic types of tissues • Epithelial Tissue • Connective tissue • Muscle Tissue • Nerve or Nervous tissue
Levels of organization of multicellular organism Level 1 Cell Level 2 Tissue Level 3 Organ Level 4 System Level 5 Organism; the human
List the functions of the systems in our body • Circulatory system • Respiratory system • Alimentatory (Digestive) system • Nervous system • Endocrine system • Excretory system • Reproductive system • Lymphatic system
New Terms • Cell • Embryo • Totipotent ,pluripotent • Tissue • Organ • System • Epithelium, Epithelia • Muscle • Nerve • Glia • Bone • Cartilage • Fibroblast • Chondroblast • Osteoblast • Osteoclast • Evolution • Circulation • Respiration • Digestion • Excretion • Reproduction • Lymph, Lymphatic • Haematopoietic tissue
References • Molecular Cell Biology by Harvey Lodish • Basic Histology by Carlos Junqueira • WWW.