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Imperialism (1800 -1914)

Imperialism (1800 -1914). Section 1: Colonial Rule in South East Asia. Section 1: Colonial Rule in South East Asia. The New Imperialism The Scramble for Territories new wave of Western expansion Imperialism “ New Imperialism” Motives for Imperialism Economic Motives Rivalries

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Imperialism (1800 -1914)

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  1. Imperialism (1800 -1914)

  2. Section 1: Colonial Rule in South East Asia

  3. Section 1: Colonial Rule in South East Asia • The New Imperialism • The Scramble for Territories • new wave of Western expansion • Imperialism • “New Imperialism” • Motives for Imperialism • Economic Motives • Rivalries • Nationalism • Social Darwinism and racism • Racism • Religious or humanitarian • “The White Man’s Burden” • “heathen masses” • Democracy and capitalism

  4. Section 1: Colonial Rule in South East Asia • Colonial Takeover • Great Britain • Southeast Asia • Began with the British • 1819 – Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles • Malay Peninsula – Singapore • Kingdom of Burma (Myanmar) • France • Vietnam • Christian missionaries • Confucian Doctrine • Vietnam too weak • The French • Mekong River delta • City of Saigon • 1884 –City of Hanoi • Protectorate • Cambodia, Annam, Laos, and Tonkin – to create French Indochina

  5. Section 1: Colonial Rule in South East Asia • Thailand – The Exception • France and Great Britain • Siam (Thailand) • Two Rulers : • King Mongkut • King Chulalongkorn • western learning • maintained relations • 1896 –independent buffer state • United States • 1898 – Spanish American War • Commodore George Dewey • President William McKinley • “civilize” • Emilio Aguinaldo • Guerrilla warfare • Filipino-American War

  6. Section 1: Colonial Rule in South East Asia • Colonial Regimes • Indirect or Direct Rule • Indirect Rule • Local rulers • Natural resources • Cheaper • Less impact on local culture • Direct Rule • Justification for the conquests • Representative government • Religion • Language • Educated “heathen” fear • Colonial Economies • No Industry • Led to plantation agriculture • Peasants (wage laborers) • Plantation owners • High taxes • Benefits of colonial rule • Modern economic system • Railroads, roads, schools, • Export market

  7. Section 1: Colonial Rule in South East Asia • Resistance to Colonial Rule • Resistance • Ruling Class • Burma • Vietnam • Can Vuong(“Save the King”) • Peasant revolts • Burma – 1930 • Buddhist Monk Saya San • Early resistance movements failed • New resistance • Nationalism • Westernized intellectuals • 1930’s

  8. Section 2: Empire Building in Africa

  9. Section 2: Empire Building in Africa • West Africa and North Africa • Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Spain, and Portugal • West Africa • Raw materials • Slave Trade • Tension • Great Britain • 1874 -annexed • Gold Coast • Nigeria • France • 1900 –French West Africa • Germany • Togo, Cameroon, German Southwest Africa, and German East Africa

  10. Section 2: Empire Building in Africa • North Africa • Great Britain • Egypt • Ottoman Empire • Muhammad Ali • reforms to modernize Egypt • Europeans wanted to build a canal • Ferdinand de Lesseps- Suez Canal • British -“Their lifeline to India” • 1875 – British will buy Egypt’s share • 1881 – Revolt • 1914 - Protectorate • Sudan • British “to protect their interests” • Muslim Cleric Muhammad Ahmad (the Mahdi) • British – General Charles Gordon • Khartoum in 1885 • France • 1879 –Algeria • 1881 –Tunisia and Morocco protectorates • Italy • Ethiopia and • 1911 –Tripoli and will rename Libya

  11. Section 2: Empire Building in Africa • Central and East Africa • Central Africa • Explorers • David Livingstone • Uncharted regions • Made detailed notes • Maps • Henry Stanley • New York Herald • “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?” • Livingstone will die in 1873 • Congo River to the Atlantic Ocean • British • King Leopold II of Belgium • Leopold will hire Stanley in 1876 • France

  12. Section 2: Empire Building in Africa • East Africa • 1885 – Great Britain and Germany • Otto Von Bismarck • “ all this colonial business is a sham, but we need it for the elections” • Great Britain, Germany, Belgium and Portugal • Berlin Conference (1884-1885) • German and British • Portugal - Mozambique • No delegates from African nations were present

  13. Section 2: Empire Building in Africa • South Africa • The Boer Republics • Rapid expansion • Boers and Afrikaners • During the Napoleonic Wars • The Boers • Orange and Vaal Rivers • Two independent republics: • Orange Free State • Transvaal • White superiority was ordained by God • Indigenous people into reservations • Zulus -leader was Shaka

  14. Section 2: Empire Building in Africa • Cecil Rhodes • “ I think what [God] would like me to do is to paint as much of Africa British red as possible” • Transvaal • Rhodes will be replaced • Boer War (1899 – 1902) • Boers used guerilla warfare • Burn crops and detention camps • 1902 • 1910 –Union of South Africa • Self-governing state

  15. Section 2: Empire Building in Africa • Effects of Imperialism • Colonial Rule in Africa • 1914 • Liberia and Ethiopia • The British ruled with indirect rule • 1903 in Sokoto in Northern Nigeria • Good • Bad • foster class and tribal tensions • The French ruled with direct rule • Governor-general • Assimilation • Rise of African Nationalism • New class of Africans • West culture • Came to resent to foreign occupation • European Superiority • Confusion • Organize political parties and movements

  16. Section 3: British Rule in India

  17. Section 3: British Rule in India • The Sepoy Mutiny • Events Leading to Revolt • British East India Trading Company • Sepoys • 1857 • Sepoy Mutiny /The first war of Independence /Great Rebellion • The problem: • pig and cow grease • soldiers had to bite off the ends • Sepoys • Sepoys in Meerut • Other revolts broke out all over India • Muslims and Hindus • Many atrocities– Kanpur • Effects of the Revolt • Transfer of power • 1876 – Queen Victoria • Viceroy • Help to fuel Indian nationalism

  18. Section 3: British Rule in India • British Colonial Rule • Benefits of British rule • Order and stability • Fair and honest government • New school system • Built roads, canals, universities and medical centers • Postal service • Built a Railroad system • Costs of British Rule • Economic Costs • Most of the country remained poor • British Industries • Zamindars • British - farmers to stop growing food • Degrading • British racism and arrogance

  19. Section 3: British Rule in India • Indian Nationalists • Early Nationalists • Upper class and English educated • Preferred reform to revolution • Indian National Congress • Mohandas Gandhi • 1915 – returns to India • nonviolent resistance

  20. Section 3: British Rule in India • Colonial Indian Culture • Cultural revolution in India • University of Calcutta • Own national identity • Indian novelists and poets • Nationalist Newspapers • Regional languages – nationalist support • Journalist Balwantrao Gangahar Tilak • Kesari(“The Lion”) • Editor G.S. Aiyar • Swadeshamitram(“Friend of Our Nation”) • Triplicane Literary Society • Tagore • Rabindranath Tagore • Most famous Indian author • Bande Mataram (“Hail to Thee, Mother”) • International university • Fought to promote Indian pride in nationalism

  21. Section 4: Nation Building in Latin America

  22. Section 4: Nation Building in Latin America • Nationalist Revolts • American Revolution • Creoles • land and business • Spanish and the Portuguese • Prelude to Revolution • Creoles • Peninsulares • Napoleon’s wars • Island of Hispaniola – in Saint Domingue • François-Dominique Toussaint-Louverture • Revolt in Mexico • 1810 Miguel Hidalgo • Native American and Mestizos • September 16, 1810 • Creoles and the Peninsulares • Agustin de Iturbide • 1821 Mexico will declare their independence

  23. Section 4: Nation Building in Latin America • Revolts in South America • “Liberators of South America” • Jose de San Martin (Argentina) • Led revolts throughout the continent • 1810 –Argentina • Chile • Battle of Chacabuco • Chile independence in 1818 • Peru • Joined forces with Simon Bolivar and defeated the Spanish • Simon Bolivar (Venezuela) • 1810 in Venezuela • New Granada (Columbia) and Ecuador • 1824 – Argentina, Columbia, Chile, Venezuela, Peru, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Bolivia • 1822 – Brazil • 1823 – Central American states had become independent • 1838 divided into five republics: Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua • Threats to Independence • 1820’s Concert of Europe • British • US– President James Monroe • Monroe Doctrine

  24. Section 4: Nation Building in Latin America • Nation Building • Problems – wars, revolts, lack of transportation, communication, etc. • Rule of the Caudillos • Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna • 1833-1855 • “Napoleon of the West” • 1835 –Texas territory of Mexico • War with the US (1846-1848) • Benito Juarez • 1855 – 1876 • Brought liberal reforms • Juan Manuel de Rosa • Argentina • A New Imperialism • Great Britain and the US • US “ Dollar Diplomacy” (William Howard Taft) • Foreign investors • Economic Dependence • Cash Crops • Persistent Inequality • Landed elites • Large estates held the best land • Land was the basis of wealth, social prestige, and political power

  25. Section 4: Nation Building in Latin America • Change in Latin America • The U.S. and Latin America • By the 1870’s - a constitution • Late 1800s the US began to intervene • 1895 – Jose Marti - Cuba • Spanish-American War • 1903 – President Teddy Roosevelt • Panama Canal (Opened in 1914) • American investments and US military • Nicaragua – 1912 – 1933 • Revolution in Mexico • Porfirio Diaz(1877 – 1911) • Francisco Madero • Emiliano Zapata • 1910 -1920 – Mexican Revolution • New constitution in 1917 • Mexican Patriotism • Prosperity and Social Change • After 1870 age of prosperity • Exports & Imports • After 1900 • Middle Class in LA

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