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The HIV virus

The HIV virus. Objectives. At the end of this session the participants will be able to: Understand basic HIV structure Describe the significance of genetic diversity and classification of HIV Describe the replication cycle of HIV Know the targets sites for ARV drugs. HIV structure. GP 41.

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The HIV virus

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  1. The HIV virus

  2. Objectives At the end of this session the participants will be able to: • Understand basic HIV structure • Describe the significance of genetic diversity and classification of HIV • Describe the replication cycle of HIV • Know the targets sites for ARV drugs

  3. HIV structure GP 41 GP 120 Host cellprotein RNA with protein surround (p7/p9) RNA with Protein Surround Nucleocapsid Ribonucleic protein (p24)

  4. Viral gp120 gp41 assembly Translation HOST CELL Protein RNA s cleavage e Budding Protease Reverse transcription Transcription Injection of contents Integrase DNA RNA Provirus Maturation (circular structure) Integration of provirus DNA into host DNA Binding Binding sites HIV particle Completed Cell HIV particle membrane HIV Replication Cycle 5. Viral Assembly 4. Translation 6. Budding 3. Reverse Transcription 2. Injection of Capsid Contents 1. Binding HIV Particle CD4 Cell

  5. Mode of Action of ARV’s • All ARV’s work by preventing multiplication of the HIV particle • They work at different stages of the replication cycle • If HIV cannot multiply, it is prevented from destroying the CD4 Cells • Detailed knowledge of the mechanism of action of ARV’s is of academic interest, but it is not of great practical importance for prescribers

  6. Viral gp120 gp41 assembly Translation HOST CELL Protein RNA s cleavage e Budding Protease Reverse transcription Transcription Injection of contents Integrase DNA RNA Provirus Maturation (circular structure) Integration of provirus DNA into host DNA Binding Binding sites HIV particle Completed Cell HIV particle membrane Targets of ARV drugs CD4 Cell NRTI’s & NNRTI’s work here Protease Inhibitors work here Fusion inhibitors work here HIV Particle

  7. Summary • HIV is a retrovirus which kills CD4 cells and so weakens the immune system • Rapid replication of HIV causes genetic diversity of the virus • Knowledge of the HIV structure is important in knowing the targets of ARV drugs • HIV enzymes are mostly the targets of ARV drugs • ARV’s do not cure HIV

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