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CLASSIFYING MATTER

CLASSIFYING MATTER. ELEMENTS. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. Elements. All matter is made up of. Elements. About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About 90 occur naturally while the rest are man made. Elements.

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CLASSIFYING MATTER

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  1. CLASSIFYING MATTER ELEMENTS

  2. CANNOT be broken down into simpler substances by CHEMICAL methods. Elements • All matter is made up of Elements • About 110 elements are discovered by scientists. About 90 occur naturally while the rest are man made.

  3. Elements

  4. 1869 Dmitri Mendeleev (Russian chemist) • Put together the 1st • periodic table 1913 Henry Moseley (British physicist) • Improved it into • today’s version Elements • Elements are organized according to PROPERTIES into Periodic Table

  5. Relative Atomic Mass 16 O Symbol Each element is given : 1) CHEMICAL NAME 2) SYMBOL (1 or 2 letters) PROTON (ATOMIC) NUMBER RELATIVE ATOMIC MASS oxygen Name 8 Proton number Chemical Symbols

  6. Chemical Names • When elements are discovered, they are named: • After people : • Einsteinium (Es), Curium (Cm), Mendelevium (Md) • After places: • Americium (Am), Polonium (Po) • Derived from Latin /Greek : • Helium ~ from Greek word helios (sun) • Fluorine ~ from Latin word fluere (to flow)

  7. Chemical Symbols • Chemical symbols usually consist of: • 1st letter of the element’s name : • Hydrogen (H) Nitrogen (N) Sulfur (S) • 1st two letters of the element’s name : • Helium (He) Calcium (Ca) Aluminium (Al) • 1st and 3rd letters of the element’s name: • Magnesium (Mg) Chlorine (Cl) Zinc (Zn)

  8. Chemical Symbols • Original Latin /Greek name of element: • Sodium ~ Natrium (Na) Iron ~ Ferrum (Fe) • Potassium ~ Kalium (K) Gold ~ Aurum (Au) • Silver ~ Argentium (Ag) Lead ~ Plumbum (Pb) • Mercury ~ Hydragyrum (Hg) Tin ~ Stannum (Sn)

  9. Attention: New Additions to Periodic Table WOMANIUM (WO) Physical properties: Generally soft and round in form. Boils at nothing and may freeze any time. Very bitter if not used well. Chemical properties: Very active and highly unstable. Possesses strong affinity with gold, silver, platinum, and precious stones. Violent when left alone. Turns slightly green when placed next to a better specimen. Usage: An extremely good catalyst for dispersion of wealth. Caution: Highly explosive in inexperienced hands!

  10. Attention: New Additions to Periodic Table MANIUM (XY) Physical properties: Solid at room temperature but gets bent out of shape easily. Difficult to find a pure sample. Due to rust, aging samples are unable to conduct electricity as easily as young samples. Chemical properties: Attempts to bond with WO any chance it can get. Also tends to form strong bonds with itself. Becomes explosive when mixed with Childrium for prolonged period of time. Usage: Possibly good methane source. Caution: In the absence of WO, this element rapidly decomposes and begins to smell.

  11. Periodic Table • PERIODIC TABLE is arranged in order of increasing atomic number. GROUPS • VERTICAL columns are called PERIODS • HORIZONTAL rows are called

  12. GROUPS • There are 8 in the periodic table. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Periodic Table • Elements in the same group share SIMILAR chemical properties.

  13. Periodic Table • Across a from left to right, there is a gradual change of : PERIOD • Chemical properties • Metallic to non-metallic properties

  14. Metals and Non-metals • Elements in the periodic table can also be classified into : METALS, NON-METALS & METALLOIDS

  15. Metals and Non-metals • Shiny • Ductile • Malleable • Sonorous • High density • High melting points • Good conductors of • heat & electricity • Mostly solids (except mercury) Metals * For the uses of various metals, refer to text book.

  16. Low melting points • Poor conductors of • heat and electricity • Can be solids, liquids • or gases • Dull • Brittle • Low density • Non-ductile • Non-sonorous Metals and Non-metals Non-metals * For the uses of various non-metals, refer to text book.

  17. Substances that are with properties of both metals and non-metals • Can be shiny or dull • Conduct heat & electricity better than • non-metals but not as well as metals • Solids • Ductile • Malleable Metals and Non-metals Metalloids

  18. Cl C H Hydrogen atom Carbon atom Chlorine atom Particles of elements • ATOMS are the SMALLEST particles of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction. • is represented by drawing a circle with the element’s symbol written in it. E.g.

  19. identical iron atoms. Particles of elements • All atoms of a given element are IDENTICAL and • different from the atoms of any other element.

  20. Ar Mg Li Lithium Magnesium Argon Particles of elements • MOST elements consist of ATOMS as their smallest particles. • E.g. all the metals and noble gases. • However, some elements consist of MOLECULES as their smallest particles. • E.g. all the non-metals.

  21. Cl Cl N N Chlorine Nitrogen Particles of elements • MOLECULES are made up of TWO or MORE atoms CHEMICALLY combined together. • Molecules of elements consist of the SAME type of atoms joined together.

  22. Hydrogen (H2) • Nitrogen (N2) • Oxygen (O2) • Fluorine (F2) • Chlorine (Cl2) • Bromine (Br2) • Iodine (I2) Particles of elements • Some elements consist of molecules of 2 atoms as their smallest particle. (Diatomic elements) E.g.

  23. S S S P S S P P S S S P Phosphorus (P4) Sulphur (S8) Particles of elements • some elements consist of molecules of more than 2 atoms as their smallest particle:

  24. Particles of elements • Which elements do the particle diagram below represent?

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