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Medical Terminology

Chapter 3: Directional Terms, Planes, Positions, Regions, and Quadrants. Medical Terminology. Chapter 3 Abbreviations. < > a bn abd AP CXR L, LT. = Less than = Greater than = Increase = Decrease = Abnormal = Abdomen = Anteroposterior (x-ray) = Chest x-ray = left.

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Medical Terminology

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  1. Chapter 3: Directional Terms, Planes, Positions, Regions, and Quadrants Medical Terminology

  2. Chapter 3 Abbreviations • < • > • abn • abd • AP • CXR • L, LT = Less than = Greater than = Increase = Decrease = Abnormal = Abdomen = Anteroposterior (x-ray) = Chest x-ray = left

  3. Chapter 3 Abbreviations • LAT • LLQ • LUQ • PA • R, RT • RLQ • RUQ • trans = Lateral = Left lower quadrant = Left upper quadrant = Posteroanterior (x-ray) = Right = Right lower quadrant = Right upper quadrant = transverse

  4. Chapter 3 Abbreviations • HPI • postop • Preop • Prep • S/P or s/p • Gm,gm • mg = History of present illness = Postoperative = Preoperative = Prepare for = Status post = gram = milligram

  5. Directional Terms • Anatomical Position • Body is viewed as standing erect, arms at the side, palms of the hands facing forward, and feet placed side by side

  6. Word Parts for Directional Terms Combining Form Definition • anter/o • caud/o • cephal/o • dist/o • dors/o • infer/o • later/o • front • tail (downward) • head(upward) • away(from the point of attachment of a body part) • back • below • side

  7. Word Parts for Directional Terms Combining Form Definition • medi/o • poster/o • proxim/o • super/o • ventr/o • middle • back/behind • near (the point of attachment of a body part) • above • belly (front)

  8. Word Parts for Directional Terms Prefix Definition • bi- • uni- • two • one Definition Suffix • pertaining to • -ior, –ac, -ar, -ary, -eal, -otic

  9. Directional Terms • lateral (lat) • pertaining to a side • medial (med) • pertaining to the middle

  10. Directional Terms • Proximal • Pertaining to near (to the point of attachment) • Distal • Pertaining to away (from the point of attachment)

  11. Directional Terms • inferior (inf) • Pertaining to below • caudal • pertaining to the tail • superior (sup) • pertaining to above • cephalic • pertaining to the head

  12. Directional Terms • anterior (ant) • Pertaining to the front • ventral • pertaining to the belly • posterior • pertaining to the back • dorsal • pertaining to the back

  13. Directional Terms • anteroposterior (AP) • pertaining to the front and to the back • posteroanterior (PA) • pertaining to the back and to the front

  14. Anotomic Planes • Planes are imaginary flat fields used as points of reference • Frequently used in diagnostic imaging and surgery

  15. Anatomic Planes • Frontal (Coronal) • Vertical field passing through the body from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior

  16. Anatomic Planes • Midsagittal • Vertical field running through the body from front to back at the midline, dividing the body equally into right and left halves

  17. Anatomic Planes • Sagittal • Vertical field running through the body from front to back, dividing the body into right and left sides (any plane parallel to the midsagittal plane) • Parasagittal • Vertical field running through the body from front to back, dividing the body into unequal left and right sides

  18. Anatomic Planes • Transverse • Horizontal field dividing the body into superior and inferior portions

  19. Anatomic Planes

  20. Body Positions • Fowler position • Semi-sitting position with slight elevation of the knees

  21. Body Positions • Prone • Lying on abdomen, facing downward (head may be turned to one side)

  22. Body Positions • Supine • Lying on back, facing upward

  23. Abdominopelvic Regions • Umbilical region (1) • Around the navel • Lumbar regions (2) • To the right/left of the umbilical region, near the waist • Epigastric region (1) • Superior to the umbilical region, generally above the stomach

  24. Abdominopelvic Regions • Hypochondriach regions (2) • To the right/left of the epigastric region • Hypogastric region (1) • Inferior to the umbilical region • Iliac regions (2) • To the right/left of the hypogastric region, near the groin

  25. Diagram(s) Planes Directionals • Midsagittal • Frontal • Transverse • Lateral/Medial • Anterior/Posterior • Proximal/Distal • Superior/Inferior

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