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Rome

Rome. 1000 Years only 200 years of peace – Pax Romana Megalopolis International Culture. VALUES: Practical Rational Hard Working Group Oriented Thrift , Honesty, Loyalty Self-deprecating Art’s main function – Entertainment, not Enlightenment.

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Rome

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  1. Rome • 1000 Years • only 200 years of peace – PaxRomana • Megalopolis • International Culture • VALUES: • Practical • Rational • Hard Working • Group Oriented • Thrift, Honesty, Loyalty • Self-deprecating • Art’s main function – Entertainment, not Enlightenment

  2. 2 Major Periods: Republic & Empire • 2 Foundation Myths • Republican – Romulus & Remus • Hard Work • Roman success more important than family ties • Imperial – Aeneas • Long-suffering • Total dedication to destiny

  3. Roman Cultural Timeline Early Influences: • 800 – 308 BC – North/Central Italy controlled by the Etruscans • Southern Italy controlled by Greeks Beginnings: • 509 BC - Roman Republic established (Oligarchy) • Patricians – wealthy landowners (10% of population) • Plebeians – landless masses (90% of population) Government: • Two Consuls (Patricians) – executive heads • 300 member Senate (Patricians) • Dictator (Patrician) – military leader in time of war • Tribunes (Patricians) – protectors of the Plebeians’ interests Law: • Twelve Tables – (Greek based, but on Draco, not Solon) • Land Ownership: • Large estates controlled by Patricians • As time goes on, Plebeians forced into virtual slavery • Welfare system created out of necessity

  4. Military: • Most organized in ancient world • Based on the Legions • Punic Wars (264-146 BC) vs. Carthage begins move towards empire • Most of Mediterranean / Northwestern Europe conquered • Citizenship offered to conquered peoples • Cosmopolitan culture develops • End of Republic: • Period of Civil War follows (130-45 BC) • Gaius Julius Caesar becomes Dictator in 45 BC but is assassinated • Empire: • Caesar’s nephew, Octavian maneuvers to become virtual Emperor by 27 BC • Bureaucracy established – so efficient that it can withstand bad rulers • PaxRomana (27-180 BC) – no major wars, stability throughout the Mediterranean • 180 BC – death of Marcus Aurelius, last truly great Emperor • 180-476 BC – Decline and collapse of the Empire • Growth of Christianity • Constantinople established – foundation of Byzantine culture

  5. Etruscan Culture and Art{Etruria} • Greek influences • Borrow nothing from the Romans, but huge influence on Rome

  6. Art is distinctive – earthy, vigorous, sometimes homespun • Unique elements but also Hellenic & Hellenistic influences • Sculpture – Terra-cotta is their favorite medium, but also use of bronze • Painting – Murals • Strong, black-outlined figures with bright colors • Religious, Leisure, & Greek-based subjects

  7. Jewelry – highly skilled goldsmiths • Architecture - • Cities - Rectangular, planned, fortified on hilltops • Greek elements in buildings – colonnades • used Atriums, Aqueducts, Bridges, Sewers BEFORE Romans

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