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1750 - 1914

1750 - 1914. The Machine Age. Big Ideas - 1. Industrialization created a truly independent world search for raw materials & markets for finished goods led to imperialism Population increased people migrated to cities to work in factories free labor more desirable in market economy

randolph-tripp
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1750 - 1914

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  1. 1750 - 1914 The Machine Age

  2. Big Ideas - 1 • Industrialization created a truly independent world • search for raw materials & markets for finished goods led to imperialism • Population increased • people migrated to cities to work in factories • free labor more desirable in market economy • Serfs & slaves eventually gained freedom

  3. Big Ideas - 2 • Women worked in factories • paid less than men • led to rise of women’s movement • Working class emerged & eventually forced changes in the political system • unions fought for better working conditions • political changes followed • voting rights were extended

  4. Big Ideas - 3 • Western culture was exported through colonialism, while Asian & African culture influence artistic movements • Enlightenment ideals of freedom led to drives for independence and greater democracy • political revolution forced government to extend rights to lower classes

  5. Major Revolutionsinspired by the Enlightenment • 1776 - British colonies in North America revolted over tax & non representation • result: no legal or political equality except for wealthy white men

  6. France 1789 - 1815 • Desire to replace the social structure • causes: war debt, tax burden • CLASS WAR ensued • Napoleon rose to power in nationalistic wave • established a merit based society • rewrote French laws • censorship

  7. Other Revolts • HAITI • Slaves & gens de couleur fought for independence from France & won • White nations refused recognition leading to isolation and poverty • LATIN AMERICA • Creoles seized power • Society remained stratified & continued largely as under colonial rule

  8. Nationalism led to Unification of Italy & Germany • Italy • Unified under liberal regime of Sardinia’s king • Austria & Bourbon cadet royals expelled • Germany • Prussian militarism forced it • defeated France/Austria • Caused upset in balance of power • major rival to British military/economy

  9. Rural/ agricultural society Family farms Asian based mfg Rural based population Capitalist/ urban economy Wage earners Factory based mfg Urban population Industrialization:Before After

  10. British investment capital Stable government & available workers Raw materials close at hand/England & Wales Raw materials were in Manchuria Population centers were in central & south China Satisfied with status quo Why England & not China?

  11. Effects of Industrialization - 1 • Changed gender roles • men’s status increased with higher wages • Traditional family structure changed • extended v. nuclear • women & children were cheap labor sources • Middle class women did not work outside the home

  12. Effects of Industrialization - 2 Dependency Theory • Most profits of cash crop economies went abroad • no industrialization there • Underdevelopment in Asia/Africa/Latin America part of a process • cheap raw materials were required by wealthy industrial nations • they supplied the goods/ purchased finished products • Plantation social systems remained firmly in place

  13. Reaction to Industrialization - Socialism • Reaction to appalling conditions for workers, greed of owners, no intervention by government • Suggested economy run by working class • Property owned in common • Those with money would be overthrown • Ranged from revolutionary to liberal

  14. Imperialism - Legacy • India changed from supplier of textiles to a consumer • Europeans migrated in search of cheap land & opportunity • Asian/Africans migrated as indentured servants to tropical lands • Scientific racism justified poor treatment of colonial peoples

  15. Ottomans dependent on European technology/ cash Periphery fragmented Egypt, Balkans Religious conservatives blocked effective reform WWI losses led to overthrown of sultan Russia Vast expansion Military lagged behind Europe Repressed liberal movements State sponsored industrialization poorly managed led to rebellion/strikes Traditional Empires: Reform & Reaction - 1

  16. CHINA Reform attempts opposed by court Xenophobic leadership Failed to counter European imperialists Famine, wide-scale rebellion Revolution slowly developed; Qings overthrown, 1911 JAPAN 1860s liberal revolution established constitutional govt Rapid industrialization & westernization program embraced reaction to threat by western powers Emergence as imperial power by 1900 Traditional Empires: Reform & Reaction - 2

  17. Cultural influences • Art movements • romanticism gave way to impressionism • focus on nature inspired by Japan • Middle class grew leading to a new focus on leisure time • summer vacations made possible by trains • professional sports, daily newspapers, theatre, bicycle

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