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Wednesday, Jan. 2

Wednesday, Jan. 2. Persuasive Strategy Review. If you were absent Friday, Dec. 21 st :. You are responsible for reading ACT IV of The Crucible. Yes, it will be on the final!. ASSIGNMENT FOR TOMORROW:. Bring magazines we can tear out ads from!

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Wednesday, Jan. 2

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  1. Wednesday, Jan. 2 • Persuasive Strategy Review

  2. If you were absent Friday, Dec. 21st: • You are responsible for reading ACT IV of The Crucible. • Yes, it will be on the final!

  3. ASSIGNMENT FOR TOMORROW: • Bring magazines we can tear out ads from! • If you can bring several, that would be great! • You may drop them off Thursday morning. • School appropriate!!

  4. Reviewing Persuasive Strategies: Partners A & B Ethos Pathos Logos

  5. Which strategy is this? Pathos

  6. Which strategy is this? Ethos

  7. Which strategy is this? Logos

  8. Which strategy is this? Pathos

  9. Finishing the JFK “Persuasive Strategy” Quiz Pages 176-179 Go back over directions Reread bio and speech Check answers

  10. Logic and Penguins don’t mix….

  11. Notes in your notebook on Fallacies Thursday, Jan. 3

  12. Ad Analysis • Review fallacies from last year  • Learn new fallacies  • Practice identifying them  Rhetoric Part II: Day 1

  13. What are Fallacies? • Fallacies are kinds of errors in logic or problems in reasoning. • They should not be persuasive, but they often are…. They may seem logical, but they aren’t! • They may be created unintentionally or intentionally in order to deceive people.

  14. Fallacies for today: Ad Baculum? Ad Hominem? Ad Misericordiam? Ad Populum? • Plain Folks? • Snob Appeal? Appeal to Ridicule? Bandwagon? False Dilemma? Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc? Red Herring? Scapegoating? Slippery Slope? Straw Man? • Which of these do you know? • Which are new to you?

  15. Ad Hominem: “to the man” Definition Dismisses the facts and attacks the person instead Hints Name calling Examples Mueller’s books on shark attacks are worthless because he is a convicted embezzler and forger.

  16. Example ad hominem 

  17. Ad Populum: “to the people” Definition • Appeals to emotions of the reader • panders to popular passion or sentiment Hint “To the people”– think general public/ all of us Example: • a patriotic “Join the Marines” poster • ads which show tradition, like families celebrating Thanksgiving: “Buy a Butterball turkey!” • virtues, values such as those promoted in religious signs and posters

  18. Example: Ad Populum

  19. Plain Folks and Snob Appeal Definition Plain Folks- someone rich, famous and/or well-known who claims to be “ordinary,” or just like you. Snob Appeal- use/believe this and you'll be like the rich, the famous, the beautiful!

  20. Example: Ad Populum and …? Plain Folk

  21. Snob Appeal: “Proactive worked for me and gave me beautiful skin.” – Katy Perry

  22. Plain Folks

  23. Plain Folks

  24. Ad Misericordiam: Appeal to Pity Definition: It appeals to the emotions rather than the mind of the reader [like pathos] Hint: “Misery” = misericordiam / pity / sadness • Stronger appeal than ad populum • Specifically playing to “pity” emotion Examples: PETA ads, UNICEF commercials, often ads which ask for money to save a child, an animal, etc….

  25. Slippery Slope Definition an assumption that one step will inevitably lead to a second, usually undesirable step, and so on…. Hint Watch for extreme assumptions Example: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7udQSHWpL88

  26. Red Herring Fallacy Definition A redherring fallacy is a purposeful change in topic to distract and lead an audience AWAY from the original topic Hint Often used in political debates when an opponent tries to avoid answering a question and redirects to a different topic

  27. Red Herring Example Video • http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=slippery+slope+commercial+examples&view=detail&mid=5D16518CDF48721559D95D16518CDF48721559D9&first=0&qpvt=slippery+slope+commercial+examples

  28. Bandwagon Definition - It’s a form of ad populum • An appeal to peer pressure and group identity • Assumption that the “majority” must be right Hint Think: Everyone else is doing it, so you should, too!

  29. Example: Bandwagon

  30. Bandwagon Fallacy with WHICH Persuasive Strategy? [ethos, pathos,logos ] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GAgh86j5alI

  31. Ad Baculum Definition: - an argument made through coercion or threats of force towards an opposing party Hint -Do it or else ____ will happen! "It's bedtime. Give me any sass about it, and you'll get a spanking!" Example: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dHytr5GocwY

  32. Appeal to Ridicule Definition: - appeal to emotion where an argument is made by presenting the opponent's argument in a way that makes it appear ridiculous or them ridiculous for having that opinion. Hint • Mock the other person's claim and argument. Make fun of it. Get people to laugh at it. • OR, mock the alternatives that they might choose, giving them only one option that you have not mocked.

  33. Ridicule Examples • Those other cars look ridiculous. This is the only “man's car” here. • Those clothes would make you look like an overdressed donkey. • Implied: Don’t buy THAT car – it’s not manly and you will look unmanly in it if you do. • Do you want to look like a dork? – those clothes are all wrong.

  34. False Dilemma Definition: Only 2 choices are offered when there are more.  Hint: • “Black or white” thinking – no “gray” zone Example: • "Look, you are going to have to make up your mind. Either you decide that you can afford this stereo, or you decide you are going to do without music for a while."

  35. Straw man Definition:[ When arguing with someone-] • ignore the actual position and substitute/attack a distorted, exaggerated or misrepresented version of that position • Misrepresent your opponent’s position – attack that instead of their real position Hint: - Imagine a fight: one of the combatants sets up a man of straw, attacks it, then proclaims victory. All the while, the real opponent stands by untouched. Example: • "Senator Jones says we should not fund the attack submarine [real position] program. I disagree. Why does he want to leave us defenseless [never said that!] like that?“

  36. Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc Definition: - assuming that because one thing follows another, the first thing caused the second thing to happen. Hint: • Look for other explanations for “cause/effect” in the argument – if you see other possibilities,…fallacy! • Picture a flawed, weak linked chain that has mismatched pieces fused together. They don’t really connect but someone tried to make it look like they do! Example: You have a dream that an airplane crashes and an airplane crashes the next day or crashed the night before. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HL_vHDjG5Wk

  37. Scapegoating Definition: - Someone is said to be the cause of something [bad ] that happened, regardless if they were the cause or not. Usually done to take the focus off of someone else or to discredit someone. Hint: - *Scapegoating attempts to deflect blame to others. Example: After a school shooting, editorialists might claim that it was because the shooter came from an abusive home life. “Mom and dad are to blame.” However, violence in the media, stress or medical conditions, easy accessibility of guns, poor security at the school may all have been contributing factors.

  38. How do I know if there is a fallacy here? Is the purpose to PERSUADE? YES! --- look for fallacies Is the information possibly incorrect or unverifiable? YES! – look for fallacies Is the purpose to persuade? NO -- probably does not contain fallacies Is the information TRUE and verifiable? YES -- probably does not contain fallacies

  39. What fallacy appeal is this? Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc A solar eclipse occurs so you beat your drums to make the gods spit back the sun. The sun returns, proving to you the efficacy [usefulness] of your action.

  40. Bandwagon Which persuasive strategy is used? What fallacy appeal is this? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQPN3UKQM-U

  41. What persuasive strategy is used? What fallacy appeal is this? Ad Baculum http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-jFAvIuAev0

  42. Scapegoating What fallacy appeal is this? The deficit, continued American military presence in the Middle East, and the failing US economy and “fiscal cliff” are due to Pres. Obama’s poor leadership; he should not have been reelected as President in the 2012 election.

  43. Ad Analysis Rhetoric Part II: Day 2

  44. Which persuasive strategy is being used: Ethos, Pathos, Logos? Vultures

  45. Quick! Review your notes from yesterday! First, a Review

  46. With your partner: Without your notes…. • Partner A: • Name and define the three persuasive strategies • Partner B: • Name and define as many fallacies as you can remember from yesterday • Together:[ Check your notes!] • What fallacies/definitions/etc… were missed? Can you identify/define them now?

  47. Fallacies • 3 Persuasive strategies: ETHOS, PATHOS, LOGOS Ad Baculum? Ad Hominem? Ad Misericordiam? Ad Populum? • Plain Folks? • Snob Appeal? Appeal to Ridicule? Bandwagon? False Dilemma? Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc? Red Herring? Scapegoating? Slippery Slope? Straw Man? Which fallacies did you remember??

  48. Now, Let’s Apply Our Knowledge to an Ad

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