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The New Nation

The New Nation. George Washington Elected 1789- created the first Cabinet Department of State- Thomas Jefferson Department of War- Henry Knox Department of Treasury- Alexander Hamilton Judiciary Act of 1789  Supreme Court, District Court, Circuit Court. Hamilton vs. Jefferson

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The New Nation

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  1. The New Nation

  2. George Washington • Elected 1789- created the first Cabinet • Department of State- Thomas Jefferson • Department of War- Henry Knox • Department of Treasury- Alexander Hamilton • Judiciary Act of 1789 Supreme Court, District Court, Circuit Court

  3. Hamilton vs. Jefferson • HamiltonFederalist (Strong national Gov’t) • Jefferson Anti- Federalist ( Strong state gov’t) • Hamilton proposes selling gov’t bonds to pay off Am. Rev. war debts proposes creating Bank of the US (BUS) • S. angry b/c most had already paid off debts • Hamilton has a “loose construction” of Constitution to justify financial programs • Jefferson opposes Hamilton’s plans “strict construction” of Const. • Congress passed Hamilton’s measures, but compromised southerners would get to have the US capital b/t VA & MD

  4. Thomas Jefferson Alexander Hamilton

  5. The Whiskey Rebellion and a Two Party System • Whiskey was a cheap/easy way for back country farmers to make money • Hamilton imposes a tax, or tariff, for making or selling “extra” whiskey • Farmers refused to pay= rebellion • Washington personally escorts large army to put down insurrection • WR and Hamilton/Jefferson debate divide congress Political Parties • Hamilton: Federalist Jefferson: Democrat-Republican

  6. Foreign Policy • GB settlers still west of App Mtns.--> giving NA weapons to resist US expansion • Battle of Fallen Timbers- US takes complete control of OhioTreaty of Greenville • John Jay signs treaty with GB to give up forts on US soil- 1794 Jay Treaty • French Revolution- US must decide whether to support or not • Dem-Rep (Jefferson) supported Fr. Nationals; Federalists (Hamilton) opposed • Washington stays neutral • US also wants shipping rights on Mississippi Spain owns • Thomas Pinckney signs treaty with Spain allowing US trade

  7. Washington to Adams • Washington does not seek 3rd term • Gives famous Farewell Address • Will not run for a 3rd term • Steer clear of entangling alliances with other nations • Warns citizens not to create factions (political parties) • Sectionalism grows- taking sides based on region • Feds- John Adams (N) Dem-Rep- Thomas Jefferson (S) • Adams wins, but must avoid war with France and GB • French upset about Jay’s Treaty with GB and seizes US ships (impressment) • XYZ Affair- FR. Pres. refuses to talk to US about probs, instead sends 3 reps (XYZ) to US demanding money in order to see Fr. President • Congress passes Alien and Sedition Acts- can arrest and deport anyone who criticizes gov’t • Jefferson and Madison (D-R) felt acts violated 1st Am. • Virginia and Kentucky passed resolutions to nullify Alien and Sedition Acts

  8. Election of 1800 • Jefferson (DR) vs. Adams (F) • Jefferson beat Adams, but tied with VP candidate Aaron Burr • H of Reps. had to decide tie, Hamilton convinced Congress to vote for Jefferson • Burr killed Hamilton in a duel

  9. The Revolution of 1800 • Thomas Jefferson becomes 3rd Pres. without conflict • Cut nat’l debt and streamlined gov’t • Appoints John Marshall as Chief Justice of SC Federalist Marbury v. Madison • As John Adams left office, he appointed numerous Federalist “midnight judges” to various courts • William Marbury, one of the judges, was denied his job by James Madison, Sec. of State • Marbury sued, John Marshall declared judicial review right of SC to declare a federal law unconstituitonal • Marbury lost, Marshall decision proves nat’l gov’t is powerful

  10. Louisiana Purchase-1803 • Jefferson eyes LA territory (owned by Spain) for US settlement • In a secret deal, Spain traded territory to France’s Napoleon Bonaparte • Jefferson bought the land for $15 million, Bonaparte needed the money for a war he was fighting with GB • Constitution did not authorize the purchase • Lewis and Clark Expedition Sacajawea

  11. The War of 1812 • Desperate British navy begins impressing (kidnapping and forcing) US navy sailors to work on their ships • Jefferson issues an embargo (stopping trade) against GB • Embargo hurt US more than GB • James Madison becomes president in 1808

  12. War of 1812 continued… • Problems in West Tecumseh tries to resist US expansion • William Henry Harrison destroyed Tecumseh army at Battle of Tippecanoe • War Hawks (young congressman) pushed for war with GBblamed GB for probs with NA • US invades Canada first, but failedUS navy did well on Great Lakes • 1814- GB invades US and burns White House Francis Scott Key writes “Star Spangled Banner”

  13. Battle of New Orleans • Andrew Jackson wins Battle of New Orleans • Treaty of Ghent Peace treaty ends war with GB • War proved US needs a strong army, but showed world US could stand up for itself • Adams-Onis Treaty: US gains rights to Florida from Spain

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