European Challenges to the Muslim World :)

1. European Challenges to the Muslim World:) By: Kyla Galley

2. Ferment In the Muslim world • There were three major Muslim empires, the Mughals in India, the Ottomans in the middle east, and the Safavids in Iran. In the 1700’s they were all in decline. • The decay had many causes. Central government had lost control over powerful groups. Corruption was widespread. • In some places Muslim scholars and religious leaders were allied with the state, and then in other areas they helped to format discontent against the government.

3. Ferment in the Muslim world • ISLAMIC REFORM MOVEMENTS: • In the 1700’s and the early 1800’s reform movements began to spread across the Muslim world. • Islamic revivals rose in Africa also. • In Sudan Muhammad Ahmad said that he was the long awaited savor of the faith. • In the 1880’s Mahdi and his followers resisted British expansion into the region. • In modern Sudan, followers of the • Mahdi still have a great influence.

4. Challenges to the ottoman empire • NATIONALIST REVOLTS: • As ideas of nationalism spread from western Europe, internal revolts posed constant challenges within the multi-ethnic Ottoman empire. • The Balkans, Greeks, Serbs, Bulgarians, and Romanians gained there independence. • Britain, France, and Russia each wanted to benefit from the slow crumbling of the Ottoman empire. • Then in 1898 the new German empire was hoping to increase its influence on the region by building a Berlin-to-Baghdad railway.

5. Efforts at reform • Since the late 1700’s, Ottoman rulers thought that they needed a reform. • The reforms brought better medical care and restored farming.