Download
1 / 14
160 likes | 198 Views
Explore Erik Erikson's 8 stages of development and the dynamics of motivations, including instinct, needs, drives, and learning. Learn how human motivations like hunger, thirst, and sex drive behavior, and delve into Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
E N D
• Psycho social Stages of Development8 stages:Erik Erikson • Stage 1:(trust versus mistrust- Birth to about 18 Months): • The baby must learn to develop basic trust, failure lead to social withdrawal & depression.
Stage 2: (Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt-18 Months to 3 Years): • Development of speech ,sphincter and muscular control, if failed regression may results • Stage 3: (Initiative versus Guilt- ( 3 - 5 Years) : • Development of a superego, locomotors and language skills expands, failureleads to guilt and anxiety
Stage 4: (Industry versus Inferiority ( 5 -13 Years): - The child discovers the pleasures of production, if failed may develop a sense of inferiority and inadequacy. • Stage 5: (Identity versus Role Confusion- (13 -21 Years): • The ability to leave home and live independently, Failure lead to inability to separate from the parents.
Stage 6: Intimacy versus Isolation ( 21 - 40 Years): - Ability to make and commitments to affiliations and partnerships, failure lead to become deeply isolated • Stage 7: Generatively versus Stagnation (40 - Years): - Capacity to form intimate relationships with groups, organizations and society, failure lead to lead to personal stagnation.
Stage 8: Integrity versus Despair (about 60 Years to Death): - Acceptance of one's life and significant changes , or may have fear of death, despair and hopelessness.
The Dynamics of Motivations • Motivation: is an “internal state that activates, guides behavior and directs it toward a goal”. • focus on behavior (e.g. the thirsty person to drink, the person in pain to escape from the painful stimulus).
Factors affecting motivation: • 1- Instinct:"an innate biological force that predisposes the person to act in a certain predictable way when stimulus is present ". - our thoughts and behaviors are the result of instincts. -Some instincts include (curiosity – reproduction – construction) .
2- Needs and Drives: *Need: represents physiological state of tissue as a result of lack of food, water, oxygen or avoidance of pain. *Drive: Drive refers to the psychological consequences of a need “motivates the person to initiate behavior or action”.
3- Learning: - human motivations are learned. - People with high need to achieve realistic and challenging goals, and persistlonger and do better on difficulttasks.
Types of motivators: • Hunger: - Powerful motivator, influence the feeling of hunger. - If you are accustomed to eat at certain times of a day, you will feel hungry at that times. II. Thirst: - Water deficit motivates the person to drink.
III. Sex: - Essential to the survival of species. • IV. Avoidance of pain: -The need to avoid tissue damage (fire) is essential to the survival of any organism.
Human Motivations and needs: - Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs: • Self actualization • Self esteem • Belonging & love • Safety & security needs • Physiological needs
* The needs at one level must be at least partially satisfiedbeforethe next level become important determiners of action • When food and safety are difficult to obtain, satisfaction of these needs will dominate person’s action & higher motives have little significance • approximately 1% of people self-actualized. emotion
