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Early Civilizations of India

Explore the journey from the advanced Indus Valley to the nomadic Aryans in India, their cultures, beliefs, and the origins of Hinduism. Discover the significance of the caste system, karma, and reincarnation in shaping ancient Indian society.

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Early Civilizations of India

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  1. Early Civilizations of India

  2. GeographyIndian Subcontinent • The subcontinent is protected • North by the Himalayas • Northwest by Hindu Kush • Isolated this area to develop cultures on its own.

  3. Indus Valley Civilization 2600 B.C Harappaand Mohenjo-Daro Present day Pakistan- Indus river

  4. Indus Valley Civilization Plumbing, Sewers, Water Chutes (well organized governments)

  5. Indus Valley Civilization Regional Trade To Persia: From Mesopotamia

  6. Indus Valley Civilization • 1900 BC - the culture disappears • Earth Quake • Plague • Aryans

  7. Aryan Civilization • 2000-1500 BC Aryans migrate into India. • Chariots, Bows, Nomad

  8. Aryans They stopped nomad life started farming in India – Ganges Plain

  9. Aryan Civilization Began the Vedic Age

  10. VEDASEarliest Hindu Sacred Text

  11. Aryan Epic Literature Rama and Sita Common language Sanskrit • Epic poems emerge

  12. Aryan Epic Literature Rama and Sita The Mahabharata India’s greatest epic poem - outlines religious beliefs, immortality, and value duties

  13. Hinduism

  14. Hinduism • No single founder • Grew from over-lapping beliefs of various people • One of world’s most complex religions

  15. Vishnu Brahma Shiva • Most important gods were • Brahma, the Creator • Vishnu, the Preserver • Shiva, the Destroyer POLYTHEISIC

  16. Aryan Religion and Hinduism Many gods reveal some Character of Brahman Brahman a single spiritual power beyond the many gods and the Vedas

  17. The Caste System Aryan class divisions • groups into which people are born • socio-economic roles (occupations)

  18. Hinduism and The Caste System Why would people continue to live this way for a couple thousand years?

  19. Hinduism and The Caste System govern all aspects of life to ensure Spiritual Purity

  20. Hinduism and The Caste System govern all aspects of life to ensure Spiritual Purity Karma and Reincarnation Saṃsāra

  21. Moksha- Liberation from the cycle -

  22. Achieving Moksha – the goal of life Reincarnation- the upward trek toward moksha through rebirth

  23. Achieving Moksha – the goal of life Reincarnation - the upward trek toward moksha through rebirth Dharma - religious and moral duties.

  24. Achieving Moksha – the goal of life Reincarnation - the upward trek toward moksha through rebirth Dharma - religious and moral duties. Karma - refers to all actions in life that affect your fate in the next life.

  25. Achieving Moksha – the goal of life Reincarnation - the upward trek toward moksha through rebirth • Dharma - religious and moral duties. • Karma - refers to all actions in life that affect your fate in the next life. • Moksha – union with Brahman • free self from selfish desires

  26. Achieving Moksha – the goal of life Reincarnation - the upward trek toward moksha through rebirth • Dharma - religious and moral duties. • Karma - refers to all actions in life that affect your fate in the next life. • Moksha – union with Brahman. • free self from selfish desires • Non – Violence (Mahatma Gandhi)

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