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Early Civilizations of Ancient India. The Harappan Civilization. 3300 BCE - 2400 BCE. Citadel Of Mohenjo-Daro. Aerial View of Mohenjo-Daro. Wide View, Mohenjo-Daro. The Great Bath, Mohenjo-Daro. Bath Area, Mohenjo-Daro. The Aryan Migration Age (1500 BCE - 1200 BCE).
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Early Civilizations of Ancient India
The Harappan Civilization 3300 BCE - 2400 BCE
Citadel Of Mohenjo-Daro
The Aryan Migration Age (1500 BCE - 1200 BCE)
Aryan Migration • pastoral depended on their cattle. • warriors horse-drawn chariots.
Varna (Social Hierarchy) Brahmins Kshatriyas Vaishyas Shudras Pariahs [Harijan] Untouchables
The Caste System Brahmins WHO IS… Kshatriyas • The mouth? • The arms? • The legs? • The feet? Vaishyas Shudras
Gupta Rulers • Chandra GuptaI • r. 320 – 335 • “Great King of Kings” • Chandra Gupta II • r. 375 – 415 • Profitable trade with the Mediterranean world! • Hindu revival. • Huns invade – 450 CE
Extensive Trade:4c spices silks cotton goods spices rice & wheat horses gold & ivory gold & ivory cotton goods
Gupta Achievements 1000 diseasesclassified 500 healingplants identified Printedmedicinal guides Kama Sutra Kalidasa Literature PlasticSurgery Medicine GuptaIndia Inoculations C-sectionsperformed SolarCalendar Astronomy Mathematics DecimalSystem The earthis round PI = 3.1416 Conceptof Zero
The British in India
British East India Company1600-1857 • A money making venture. • Trading in cotton, silk, indigo dye, salt, saltpeter, tea and opium. 1-E
Sepoy soldiers Many would be given land and titles because of their caste level • Strong beliefs in the caste system • Made up of Muslims and Hindus 1-F
The Raj: "Jewel in the Crown" of the British Empire
The Rise of Indian Nationalism
the Indian National Congress • 1885 The Indian National Congress was founded in Bombay. • swaraj “independence.”* the goal of the movement.
the Muslim League • 1905 partition of Bengal based on religions and languages. • 1906 creation of the Muslim League.
Amritsar Massacre, 1919 379 dead; over 1200 wounded!
Gandhi spinning cloth Indian weaving was ruined by the competition of British machine-made textiles!
The End of the Raj: August 15, 1947
the Indian subcontinent Since 1947: The Legacy of Independence
Jawarlal Nehru • Ally of Gandhi. • 1st Prime Minister of India, 1947-1964. • Advocated Industrialization. • Promoted “Green Revolution”. • Mixed Economy. • Nonaligned Movement.
India’s “mixed economy” • The “mix” refers to private and public ownership. • Foreign aid and foreign investment are crucial. • Urban areas have high-tech companies. • Three quarters of the population are farmers living in small villages. • India's "Green Revolution" allowed farmers to triple their crop by using modern science and technology.
India’s “Green Revolution” • Introducing higher-yielding varieties of seeds in 1965. • Increased use of fertilizers & irrigation. • GOAL make India self-sufficient in food grains.
Major problems & Issues in india today • Overpopulation 1 billion & climbing. • Economic development. • Hindu-Muslim tensions. • Gender issues dowry killings. • Caste bias discrimination against untouchables continues. • The Kashmir dispute and nuclear weapons. • Political assassinations.