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Approach and Policies against Drought: the Experience of the IAMB in Syria

Approach and Policies against Drought: the Experience of the IAMB in Syria Damascus, 1- 2 July 2008. Reducing of the water Resources. 2003. Gbara Spring. 2006. Others IAMB activities:. Cooperation Project: “Rationalization of Ras El Ain irrigation systems”. GENERAL OBJECTIVES :

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Approach and Policies against Drought: the Experience of the IAMB in Syria

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  1. Approach and Policies against Drought: the Experience of the IAMB in Syria Damascus, 1- 2 July 2008

  2. Reducing of the water Resources 2003 Gbara Spring 2006

  3. Others IAMB activities: Cooperation Project:“Rationalization of Ras El Ain irrigation systems”

  4. GENERAL OBJECTIVES: Food and income security SPECIFIC PURPOSE: Reduce the use of groundwater resources in the project area.

  5. Project’s results Water saved: Wheat 42% - 55% Water saved: Cotton 42% Save water resources:

  6. IMPROVED SURFACE IRRIGATION SYSTEM

  7. Tools for Irrigation Weather Station Weekly Meteorological Data

  8. Tools for Irrigation Tensiometer Field capacity (low) Field capacity (full)

  9. Tools for Irrigation Field monitoring

  10. Tools for Irrigation

  11. 3 -Training Increase Yields and Saving of water resources 2-New machinery 4 -New crops 1-New Irrigation system 5-Agricultural techniques

  12. 15 Cm Mechanical seeding machine It used forseeding • wheat • Brassica • Soybean • Sorghum • Chickpea Seeding by furrows for winter crops

  13. 15 Cm 50 Cm 70 Cm 140 Cm Pneumatic seeding machine It used for seeding • Cotton • Sunflower • Maize • Soybean Seedingby furrows for summer crops

  14. Improving the Ministry of Irrigation and Ministry of Agriculture performances • Trainings for farmers and technicians; • Data base • GIS/TIS Unit • Equipments; • Laboratories; • Guidelines; • Crop Manuals

  15. Sustainability of the project = Implementation together with Irrigation and Agriculture Ministry's Technicians ECONOMY 3 economists 3 Temporary Junior Experts 12 International Experts DIGITAL MAPS AND GIS 3 technicians EXPATRIATE 1 Project Manager 1 Senior Expert 1 Junior Expert ADMINISTRATIVE 4 technicians AGRONOMY 6 Agronomists AUXILIARIES AND WORKERS 5 persons 3 external HYDRALIC AND WELLS 3 engineers

  16. The actual situation and future prospective

  17. Problems Excessive and irrational use of natural resources • Water • Soil • Bio diversity Poor agriculture and high-cost production • Old and poor mechanization • Inadequate irrigation and agronomical practices • High costs of production Agriculture production = Water Low-efficient (water) agriculture production

  18. Water Consumption for 1 KG of agriculture production Cotton: from 1,700 to 3,300 Liters of Water for 1 Kg Wheat: from 600 to 1,600 Liters of Water for 1 Kg Losing of production (all steeps) = loosing of water

  19. New way for future Not only Irrigation but integrated process ! More Efficient Exploitation with rationale Technologies and Methodologies WATER: More Efficient use of Rain Fed cultivation (Water Harvesting) Integration of Agronomical practices and Irrigation Genetic resources and crops more draught resistant

  20. New way for future New concept: inside of any product (from agriculture or from industry) there is water ! More Efficient Use of Inputs (less inputs less water) Decreasing of losing (production, transportation, storage, food processing) WATER: Correct evaluation of availability of resources and water demand

  21. New way for future Consideration: Not only agriculture is using Water ! More Efficient System of water distribution (decreasing of loses) Decreasing of losing and consumption from all, civil and productive sectors WATER: New policy and management for water

  22. New way for future Starting point: Knowledge of the available Resources and the Crops and People’s necessities! Water, Soil and their use Studies and analysis of the available resources Evaluation of the demand and necessities New Plans for sustainable exploitation and use of water

  23. Thank you for attention CIHEAM - IAMB Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari - Italy Via Ceglie, 9 70010 Valenzano (Bari) Italy, Phone +39 080 4606111 Fax: +39 080 4606210 www.iamb.it

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