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Early Civilizations

Early Civilizations. Miss. Valade. Early Civilizations. Grade Six History

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Early Civilizations

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  1. Early Civilizations Miss. Valade

  2. Early Civilizations • Grade Six • History • Early civilizations (India, Egypt, China, and Mesopotamia) with unique governments, economic systems, social structures, religions, technologies and agricultural practices and products flourished as a result of favorable geographic characteristics. The cultural practices and products of these early civilizations can be used to help understand the Eastern Hemisphere today.

  3. Ancient India Ancient Egypt Ancient China Ancient Mesopotamia

  4. Ancient India • Known as Ancient India, Indus Valley, or Harappan Civilization • Began around 3000 B.C. and ended around 1500 B.C. – for reasons unknown • Historians believe that India was the largest of the four ancient civilizations

  5. Ancient India • Their written language were symbols known as Indus Script • The symbols were pressed into soft clay with seals (stamps) • Historians struggle to translate the mysterious language • The 1500 cities of the civilization were well planned out and could support as many as 80,000 people • Their buildings were constructed from mud bricks • Historians are not certain about Ancient India’s religion but some Indus Script symbols are similar to images of modern Hinduism

  6. Ancient Egypt • Began in 5500 B.C. and ended in 525 B.C. • Two Kingdoms developed, Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt • The kingdoms relied on the Nile River– fresh water, irrigation, and fertile soil • Historians know much more about Egypt compared to the other ancient civilizations because they had more written artifacts

  7. Ancient Egypt • Religion is the center of Egyptian culture • Egyptians were polytheistic– meaning they believed in many Gods • Their government was a Theocracy– they were ruled by religious leaders • Egyptian kings became known as Pharaohs and were considered living Gods • The King has absolute power and owns all of the land, food, people, etc. in his kingdom • Pharaohs established dynasties– family control of government • Throughout 4,000 years of Ancient Egyptian history, there were 31 dynasties

  8. Ancient Egypt • Their written language is known as hieroglyphs– combined symbols and pictures • Egyptians were excellent mathematicians and ship builders • They created a 365 day calendar, a form of paper, and had amazing methods for cutting stone • Their art and architecture is famous has inspired other civilizations • Most Egyptians lived in mud brick homes • They created an irrigation system with the Nile River to farm • Performed religious rituals and ceremonies– most well known is mummification– preservation of the body, wrapped in linen, and placed in a sarcophagus

  9. Ancient Egypt • History divided into six time periods: • Old Kingdom • First Intermediate Period • Middle Kingdom • Second Intermediate Period • New Kingdom • Third Intermediate Period • Kingdom periods were a time of prosperity and peace, temples were built and plenty of food was harvested • Intermediate periods were more difficult times with bad harvests, invasions, and civil war

  10. Ancient China • Began around 2000 B.C. along the Yellow River • Ancient China’s culture and tradition has continued into modern day China • Historians say that China has the oldest continuous civilization in the world • History divided into five dynasties– family controlled governments

  11. Ancient China • Xia Dynasty (2000 B.C. – 1600 B.C.) • 17 emperors (kings) in 500 years • Farmers, bronze weapons, clay pottery, silk production • Shang Dynasty (1600 B.C. - 1046 B.C.) • 30 emperors in 600 years • Worshipped many Gods, ancestor worship • Studied divination– learning what the Gods wanted, oracle bones

  12. Ancient China • Zhou Dynasty (1046 B.C. – 256 B.C.) • Longest dynasty • Iron Age– iron tipped weapons, iron plow • Chinese philosophies: Daoism and Confucianism • Daoism– following the path, the driving force behind the universe, be in harmony with nature, and have little possessions • Confucianism– doing the right thing for others, family is the most important, and respect elders • Mandate of Heaven– ruler blessed by Heaven to rule the people

  13. Ancient China • Qin Dynasty (221 B.C. – 206 B.C.) • Expanded territory, created first empire • Standard currency, standard wheel axle size, standard laws, and standard writing system– small seal script • Legalism– follow laws, listen to government • Beginning of construction of the Great Wall of China • Terra Cotta Army– 8,000 baked clay soldiers, 600 horses, 130 chariots, as well as acrobats and musicians– each life-size, and unique clay creation stands outside the tomb of Emperor Shi Huang

  14. Ancient China • Han Dynasty (206 B.C. – 220 A.C.) • Considered one of the greatest periods of history in China • Han culture defines modern Chinese culture • Confucianism is named as the official belief system of the empire • Expanded and conquered territory (modern day Korea, Mongolia, Vietnam, and into Central Asia) • Imperial Examinations– tests to find people qualified for government jobs • Inventions: steel, paper, the compass, and porcelain • Silk Road– route for China’s silk export- brought about Buddhism • Fortified and lengthened Great Wall to protect Silk Road

  15. Ancient Mesopotamia • Known as the Fertile Crescent or the Cradle of Civilization • Tigris and Euphrates Rivers– provide for humans, crops, and animals, used for irrigation • Mesopotamia means “land between rivers” • 5000 B.C. – 333 B.C.

  16. Ancient Mesopotamia • 8000 B.C. Farming began • Barley, wheat, lentils, chickpeas, onions, garlic, dates, and lettuce • Domesticated sheep, goats, cows, donkey, oxen, and pigs • Mesopotamia was a collection of city-states • Nation that is only one city • Major cities: Eridu, Uruk, Ur, and Lagash

  17. Ancient Mesopotamia • Inventions: • Wheel, wagon, number system based on 60, 12 month calendar with 7 days a week • Astronomers studied stars and mapped out constellations • Created architectural structures: dome, column, and arch • Pictograms– written language, pictures used to represent words or phrases • Used by Scribes– the only people who knew how to read and write– recorded daily events, trade, astronomy, and literature on clay tablets

  18. Ancient Mesopotamia • Sumer– first civilization in Mesopotamia • Center of trade, social life, and religion • In the center of each town was a Ziggurat • A religious temple • City layout based on social classes, King’s palace closest to Ziggurat and slaves the furthest away • Religious beliefs– Polytheistic (belief in many gods) • Sumer influenced new civilizations in Mesopotamia: Akkad, Babylon, and Assyria

  19. http://www.kathimitchell.com/ancivil.html http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/kids/people-places-kids/iraq-mesopotamia-kids/

  20. Works Cited • "Ohio's New Learning Standards: K-12 Social Studies." education.ohio.gov. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Oct 2013. <http://education.ohio.gov/getattachment/Topics/Academic-Content-Standards/Social-Studies/Grade-6-Social-Studies-Model-Curricula-November-2012.pdf.asp&xgt;. • "Ancient India - Ancient Civilizations For Kids." https://sites.google.com. Google. Web. 29 Oct 2013. <https://sites.google.com/site/1ancientcivilizationsforkids/ancient-india>. • "Ancient Egypt - Ancient Civilizations For Kids." https://sites.google.com. Google. Web. 29 Oct 2013. <https://sites.google.com/site/1ancientcivilizationsforkids/ancient-egypt>. • "Ancient China - Ancient Civilizations For Kids." https://sites.google.com. Google. Web. 29 Oct 2013. <https://sites.google.com/site/1ancientcivilizationsforkids/ancient-china>. • "Ancient Mesopotamia - Ancient Civilizations For Kids." https://sites.google.com. Google. Web. 29 Oct 2013. <https://sites.google.com/site/1ancientcivilizationsforkids/ancient-iraq-mesopotamia>. • Ancient Eygpt, Canaan, and Mesopotamia Map. N.d. Photograph. mitchellteachers.orgWeb. 4 Nov 2013. <http://www.mitchellteachers.org/WorldHistory/AncientEgyptNearEastUnit/Images/OriginsofIsraelites/AncientEgypt&Canaan&MesopotamiaMap_large.jpg>. • Clark, Darci. Cunieform Writing on Tablet. N.d. Photograph. semiramis-speaks.comWeb. 4 Nov 2013. <http://semiramis-speaks.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Cuneiform-Writing-on-Tablet.jpg>. • Indus_Seal_Impression. 2013. Photograph. wikipedia.orgWeb. 4 Nov 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Indus_seal_impression.jpg>. • Bronze Weapons. N.d. Photograph. xtimeline.comWeb. 4 Nov 2013. <http://www.xtimeline.com/evt/view.aspx?id=102074>. • Terra Cotta Army. N.d. Photograph. china-tour.cnWeb. 4 Nov 2013. <http://www.china-tour.cn/China-Pictures/Terra_Cotta_Army.htm>.

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