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Endocrine glands -secrete their hormones, directly _______________________ rather than through a duct.

Endocrine glands -secrete their hormones, directly _______________________ rather than through a duct. e.g.: pituitary, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid, adrenal. Exocrine glands -secrete their products _________________________ which lead directly into the external environment.

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Endocrine glands -secrete their hormones, directly _______________________ rather than through a duct.

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  1. Endocrine glands -secrete their hormones, directly _______________________rather than through a duct. e.g.: pituitary, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid, adrenal Exocrine glands -secrete their products _________________________which lead directly into the external environment. e.g. sweat gland, salivary glands, mammary glands, stomach, liver, pancreas

  2. Exocrine or Endocrine?Why?

  3. What do endocrine glands help to regulate in order to maintain homeostasis? • They control very important body functions by releasing • __________________ What is a hormone? • A hormone is a ___________________ released by a cell in one part of the body, that sends out messages that affect cells in other parts of the organism.

  4. How big is the pituitary gland and where is it located? • about the size of a ________ and weighing 0.5 g (0.02 oz.). It is a protrusion off the bottom of the ____________________ at the base of the brain What is the function of the hypothalamus? • variety of functions • one of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to ___________ the nervous system to the ____________________ system via the pituitary gland

  5. Describe the structure and location of the pineal gland? • is a small endocrine gland in the • It produces _______________________, a hormone that affects the modulation of wake/sleep patterns • shaped like a tiny pine cone and is located near the centre of the brain, Describe the structure and location of the thyroid gland • one of the largest _______________________ glands in the body • found in the neck, below the Adam's apple • The thyroid controls how quickly the body uses energy, makes proteins, and controls how sensitive the body should be to other hormones.

  6. Describe the location and function of the parathyroid gland? • small endocrine glands in the neck that produce _________________ hormone. • Humans have four parathyroid glands, which are usually located behind the thyroid gland • control the amount of ___________ in the blood and within the bones. What hormones are synthesized in the thymus gland? • the thymus is a specialized organ in the immune system • the only known function of the thymus is the production of T-cells, which are critical cells of the adaptive ___________________ system

  7. Which digestive organ has an endocrine function? Which hormones does this organ produce, and what do they regulate? • The __________________. The majority of the pancreas is exocrine tissue producing digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to digest and neutralize the chyme in the duodenum. • The endocrine glands of the pancrease are the Islets of Langerhans, which only make up about 1 to 2 percent of the pancreas' mass. However, these Islets are very important and critical to the health of a human since they produce glucagon (alpha cells), insulin (beta cells), and somatostatin (delta cells). • Glucagon and insulin are critical enzymes for maintaining a constant blood sugar level. Somatostatin, as the name suggests, stops body growth in general.

  8. Describe the location and shape of the adrenal glands? • triangular-shaped endocrine glands • sit on top of the ___________________ • They are chiefly responsible for releasing hormones in conjunction with stress through the synthesis of corticosteroids and catecholamines, including cortisol and adrenaline (epinephrine), respectively.

  9. What hormones are produced in the testes and ovaries? • Have endocrine and exocrine functions • ________________________ • ________________________ • Many more…

  10. PRACTICE QUESTIONS 1. Which works faster to maintain homeostasis, the nervous system or the endocrine?

  11. 2. Describe the signaling of steroid and protein hormones.

  12. 3. What is cyclic adenosine monophasphate (cyclic AMP)?

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