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Endocrine Glands

Endocrine Glands. Endocrine Glands. Hypothalamus. This organ is a part of the midbrain, and it is located below the thalamus. It has various functions including: regulating the ANS, influencing emotions, and feelings of hunger, thirst, and body temperature.

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Endocrine Glands

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  1. Endocrine Glands

  2. Endocrine Glands

  3. Hypothalamus This organ is a part of the midbrain, and it is located below the thalamus. It has various functions including: regulating the ANS, influencing emotions, and feelings of hunger, thirst, and body temperature.

  4. Many hormones related to the hypothalamus are considered “releasing hormones”

  5. These releasing hormones are made in the hypothalamus and are released from the posterior pituitary. EX: Antidiuretic hormone (vaspressin) and oxytocin. Other hypothalamic hormones target the anterior pituitary.

  6. The Pituitary This organ is located in the brain, suspended from the hypothalamus by a stalk called the infundibulum and located in a recess called the stellaturnica (Turk’s saddle). It is known as the master gland, and it is also known as the hypophysis. It has two portions – anterior and posterior.

  7. Anterior Pituitary This organ is located in the brain and is also known as the adenohypophysis. It is largely regulated by the “releasing” hormones from the hypothalamus.

  8. Anterior Pituitary Hormones released by the AP include: 1. TSH (thryoidstimulating hormone/thyrotropin) • ACTH (adrenocorticotropichormone) 3. FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

  9. Anterior Pituitary Hormones released by the AP include: • LH (lutenizing hormone) • GH (growth hormone) 6. Prolactin (releasing hormone)

  10. Anterior Pituitary Disorder Example Growth hormone normally promotes: mitosis and the growth (elongation) of long bones A homeostatic imbalance can have serious, life-changing effects.

  11. The hormonal imbalance has various effects that are dependent on when the imbalance occurs. In adulthood, too much (hypersecretion) GH results in acromegaly. The mandible, feet, and hands enlarge.

  12. In childhood, hypersecretion results in giantism – a large proportional individual. In childhood, an insufficient amount (hyposecretion) results in pituitary dwarfism.

  13. Posterior Pituitary This organ is located in the brain and is also known as the neurohypophysis. It is a storage and a release site for oxytocin and antidiurectic hormone from the hypothalamus

  14. Oxytocin and ADH are made in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary. Oxytocin - stimulates smooth muscle contraction of uterus & mammary glands. ADH - stimulates water reabsorption in collecting ducts and vasoconstriction People with diabetes insipidus lack ADH

  15. Posterior Pituitary Disorder Example Hyposecretion of ADH will result in diabetes insipidus which is characterized by excessive thirst and urination.

  16. The Pineal This organ is located in the brain toward the base of the corpus callosum.

  17. This organ has been described as a “lump of tissue in the brain that is light sensitive”. It secretes melatonin to the blood and CSF during the night (dark).

  18. Melatonin Influences the sleep/wake cycle and helps set the body’s clock Also influence reproductive organs – it is thought to inhibit early puberty. Melatonin is high when we are young and is reduced as we age.

  19. Melatonin Because it influences the sleep/wake cycle, melatonin plays a role in jet lag. Because it is secreted in the dark, melatonin plays a role in seasonal affective disorder (SAD) that is seen in the winter. Depression often brings on the desire to sleep – made worse when taking melatonin.

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