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HUMAN ENDOCRINE GLANDS

HUMAN ENDOCRINE GLANDS. “Out of the gland and into the blood to target cell we go”. HYPOTHALAMUS. ATTACHED TO PITUITARY CONTROLS SECRETIONS OF PITUITARY INTERACTS WITH NERVOUS SYSTEM THIS ENSURES BOTH SYSTEMS CAN WORK TOGETHER TO COORDINATE BODY ACTIVITES!

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HUMAN ENDOCRINE GLANDS

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  1. HUMAN ENDOCRINE GLANDS “Out of the gland and into the blood to target cell we go”

  2. HYPOTHALAMUS • ATTACHED TO PITUITARY • CONTROLS SECRETIONS OF PITUITARY • INTERACTS WITH NERVOUS SYSTEM • THIS ENSURES BOTH SYSTEMS CAN WORK TOGETHER TO COORDINATE BODY ACTIVITES! • THEREFORE, CONTROL CENTER OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM!

  3. PITUITARY GLAND • FOUND AT BASE OF SKULL • SECRETES 9 HORMONES!!!!!! • REGULATE BODY FUNCTIONS • EX: HGH (HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE) • TOO MUCH = GIANTISM • TOO LITTLE = DWARFISM • REGULATE OTHER ENDOCRINE GLANDS

  4. THYROID AND PARATHYROID • FOUND IN THROAT • THYROID • REGULATES BODY’S CELL METABOLISM • HORMONE = THYROXINE • PARATHYROID • REGULATES BLOOD CALCIUM LEVELS • HORMONE = PTH

  5. ADRENAL GLAND • FOUND ON KIDNEYS • HELP PREPARE AND DEAL WITH STRESS • “FIGHT OR FLIGHT” • HORMONE = ADRENALINE • INCREASE HEART RATE AND BLOOD PRESSURE • INCREASES OXYGEN INTAKE (LARGER AIRWAYS) • INCREASES GLUCOSE LEVEL

  6. PANCREAS • LOCATED NEXT TO STOMACH • ISLETS OF LANGERHANS:HORMONE PRODUCING AREA OF PANCREAS • HORMONES RELEASED (COMPLEMENTARY): • INSULIN: REMOVES SUGAR FROM BLOOD • GLUCAGON: STIMULATES LIVER TO BREAK DOWN GLYCOGEN TO PUT GLUCOSE BACK IN BLOOD

  7. Diagram of Glucose Feedback

  8. GONADS • PRODUCE SEX CELLS (GAMETES) AND SECRETE SEX HORMONES • TESTES:MALE • PRODUCE SPERM • SECRETE TESTOSTERONE • OVARIES:FEMALE • PRODUCE EGGS (OVA) • SECRETE ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE

  9. Figure 39–2 The Endocrine Glands Section 39-1 Pineal gland The pineal gland releases melatonin, which is involved in rhythmic activities, such as daily sleep-wake cycles. Hypothalamus The hypothalamus makes hormones that control the pituitary gland. In addition, it makes hormones that are stored in the pituitary gland. Thyroid The thyroid produces thyroxine, which regulates metabolism. Pituitary gland The pituitary gland produces hormones that regulate many of the other endocrine glands. Pancreas The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon, which regulate the level of glucose in the blood. Parathyroid glands These four glands release parathyroid hormone, which regulate the level of calcium in the blood. Ovary The ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen is required for the development of secondary sex characteristics and for the development of eggs. Progesterone prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg. Thymus During childhood, the thymus releases thymosin, which stimulates Tcell development. Testis The testes produce testosterone, which is responsible for sperm production and the development of male secondary sex characteristics Adrenal glands The adrenal glands release epinephrine and nonepinephrine, which help the body deal with stress.

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