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Kingdom Protista. Fidgety little critters!. What is a Protist?. Eukaryotic Has a nucleus! Mostly single celled Classified by : MOVEMENT OBTAIN FOOD Animal-like: Heterotrophic Plant-like: Autotrophic (have chloroplasts) Fungus-like: Parasitic REPRODUCE.
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Kingdom Protista Fidgety little critters!
What is a Protist? • Eukaryotic • Has a nucleus! • Mostly single celled • Classified by: • MOVEMENT • OBTAIN FOOD • Animal-like: • Heterotrophic • Plant-like: • Autotrophic (have chloroplasts) • Fungus-like: • Parasitic • REPRODUCE
Animal-like Protists: Sarcodinia • Movement: • By pseudopods: • Little blobs of cytoplasm • Means “Fake Feet” • Consumer Nutrition: • Surround meal and bring into food vacuole • Phagocytosis! • Reproduction: • Binary Fission • Organism: • Amoeba amoeba
Animal-like Protists: Ciliates • Movement: • By cilia: • Little “hairs” that beat like oars • Consumer Nutrition: • Food is swept in by cilia to GULLET • Contractile vacuoles collect and “spit out” water • Reproduction: • Binary fission AND conjugation • Organism: • Paramecium caudatum, Stentor coeruleus, Blepharisma
Plant-like Protists: Flagellates (Volvox) • Colonial organism: • Hundreds of individual cells “live” together • Movement: • Long, whip-like flagella • Whole colony moves together! • Nutrition: • Autotrophic • Contain chloroplasts! (Hence green color!) • Reproduction: • Binary fission
Euglenophytes: The plant-like animal protist • NO CELL WALL: • Has pellicle • MOVEMENT: • TWO flagella • NUTRITION: • Autotrophic (chloroplasts) • Can be heterotrophic when no sunlight! • Red spot helps organism to find sunlight • REPRODUCTION: • By binary fission • ORGANISM: • Euglena
Helpful Diagrams for Lab Also called eyespot
Helpful Diagrams for Lab Volvox
Helpful Diagrams for Lab Stentor Cilia Mouth Gullet Contractile Vacuole Food Vacuole
General tips/tricks for success the next 2 days… • Follow ALL microscope rules/techniques you’ve learned! • Focus on low power first with coarse adjustment. • Then switch to higher powers and use fine adjustment. • DO NOT mix the droppers! Only use Euglena droppers for Euglena, etc. • Use same slide and cover slip and keep washing them off and drying them each time you get a new specimen. • BE CAREFUL around the live specimen! Only ONE person per group should be making the slide. Don’t crowd the area and increase the risk of spilling the specimen!!
General tips/tricks for success the next 2 days… • The stentor and amoeba: • They are supposed to look like blobs of cytoplasm. • They are NOT the tiny swimming things that you may see around the non-moving blobs. Those are probably some other protozoa like paramecium. • You SHOULD move the slide around on the stage to “search” for specimen if you don’t see anything at first. • Also, some of them are VERY fast. Sometimes you only get a quick glance as they “swim” by.
General tips/tricks for success the next 2 days… • If at first you don’t succeed… • It’s OK to go back and try to make another slide of the organism. It is quite possible to get one that does not have any of the organism in it. • REMEMBER, you only need a few drops from the pipette onto the slide, though.
General tips/tricks for success the next 2 days… • The volvox are SOOOO cool! They are my favorite! • You may want to skip to these first just to ensure a good, LIVE, view of them! • You MAY use a textbook for help labeling the diagrams, BUT the best help will be going to my website and using this PowerPoint!! • The questions in the lab are easy and only require you to read the paragraphs about each organism.