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C. Schmid NOAA/AOML

Combining Argo data with other hydrographic data to generate climatologies and nowcasts of physical properties. C. Schmid NOAA/AOML. Topics. Data sets and methods. Mapping of the mixed layer properties. Deriving the heat storage rate. Deriving the oceanic heat transport.

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C. Schmid NOAA/AOML

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  1. Combining Argo data with other hydrographic data to generate climatologies and nowcasts of physical properties C. Schmid NOAA/AOML

  2. Topics • Data sets and methods. • Mapping of the mixed layer properties. • Deriving the heat storage rate. • Deriving the oceanic heat transport. • Deriving the heat budget.

  3. Data sets • Hydrographic profiles from Argo and pre-Argo floats (various sources). • Hydrographic profiles from XBTs, CTDs (AOML & NODC). • Velocity from surface drifters (AOML). • Sea surface height from altimetry. • Scatterometer wind. • Reynolds SST. • SST from Remote Sensing Systems microwave TMI. • Surface fluxes from the NCEP reanalysis 1.

  4. Monthly coverage with hydrographic data & Study regions

  5. Monthly data coverage 2004

  6. Monthly data coverage 2005

  7. Monthly data coverage 2006

  8. Drifter trajectories (1990 – 3/2005)

  9. Processing of hydrographic data • Remove duplicate profiles. • Apply automatic QC to all profiles. • Combine data sets from different sources, sorted by space and time. • Derive mixed layer properties (T, S, h) using the temperature gradient (limit 0.05ºC/dbar). • Apply statistical QC to mixed layer properties.

  10. QC procedures for profiles • Global range tests (e.g. temperature within range of –2.5 to 40ºC) • Spike, vertical gradient and density inversion tests. • Comparison with Levitus climatology and NCEP ocean reanalysis (GODAS). Rejection if profile outside of 10 standard deviations from both profiles.

  11. QC procedures for mixed layer properties • Separate check of mixed layer thickness and temperature. • Derive median and standard deviation from all values obtained within one month in a box (latitude x longitude: 1.5º x 5º). • Reject values if they are outside of a 2 standard deviation envelop around the median for each month and box (use adjacent boxes if needed).

  12. Mixed layer temperature

  13. Mixed layer thickness

  14. Mixed layer temperature at 30.5oW

  15. Mixed layer thickness at 30.5oW

  16. Heat budget equation for mixed layer where • Terms: • Heat storage rate • Horizontal Advection • entrainment (new) • total surface fluxes • penetrative short-wave radiation (neglect for now) • Diffusive flux at the base of the mixed layer is small • (not shown, neglect).

  17. Deriving the heat storage rate (HSR) • Derive monthly averages of mixed layer properties and positions in each box. • Perform objective analysis with a grid resolution of 1o by 1o. • Interpolate time series over short gaps (< 4 months). • Smooth the time series with a 3-point running mean. • Derive the time derivative of the temperature and the heat storage rate.

  18. Deriving horizontal heat transport • derive v∙T and v´∙ T´ from data set compiled by Rick • Mean velocities are from drifters. • Time variant velocities are from altimetry (geostrophic) and scatterometer winds (Ekman). • Mean temperature is from Reynolds SST. • Time variant temperature comes from Remote Sensing Systems microwave TMI. • Derive cph from monthly mean of mixed layer properties. • Integrate around region to get the transport.

  19. Deriving entrainment of heat into mixed layer • Temperature (T) and velocity (v) fields were provided by Rick (the same data were used to derive the horizontal heat transport). • The mixed layer properties (, cp, h ) are derived from the hydrographic profiles. • Estimate mean for region to get the entrainment.

  20. Surface flux maps

  21. Surface flux maps

  22. Heat storage maps

  23. Heat storage rate map

  24. Surface fluxes in NEC-W

  25. Surface fluxes in TNA-SE

  26. Surface fluxes in TSA-NE3

  27. Surface fluxes in U-S3

  28. HSR, NSF and NT in NEC-W

  29. HSR, NSF and NT in TNA-SE

  30. HSR, NSF and NT in TSA-NE3

  31. HSR, NSF and NT in U-S3

  32. Foltz et al, 2003 TNA-SE

  33. Foltz et al, 2003 TNA-SE

  34. Foltz et al, 2003 TSA-NE3

  35. Foltz et al, 2003 TSA-NE3

  36. HSR in TSA-NE3, model and observations

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